تحلیل ساختار روایی فراگیران زبان انگلیسی و بسندگی زبان خارجی

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Appendix: Transcription System

Line                             Independent clause or utterance marked as separate by intonation

((…))                           Incomprehensible

(.)                                 Short pause

(…)                              Noticeable pause

( )                                 more explanations by the researcher

[  ]                                Uncertain transcription

//                                  The beginning of an overlap where the other speaker(s) talks

]                                   The end of an overlap where the other speaker(s) talks

                                    Clause in focus

Line                             Stressed elements

@                                Laughter (@@@ means long laughter)

Numbered line            Narrative clause