An Analysis of Actor-Network Theory and Its Implications for the Application of Artificial Intelligence in Education

Bosco, F. J. (2006). In S. Aitken & G. Valentine (Eds.), Approaches to human geography. SAGE Publications.

Callon, M. (1986). Some elements of a sociology of translation: Domestication of the scallops and the fishermen of St Brieuc Bay. In J. Law (Ed.), Power, action and belief: A new sociology of knowledge (pp. 196–223). Routledge & Kegan Paul.

Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (4th ed.). Pearson Education.

Czahajda, R., Čairović, N., & Černko, M. (2022). Live online education efficiency mediators from the actor-network theory perspective. Frontiers in Education, 7, Article 859783. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2022.859783

Dong, X., & Aijing, C. (2025). Smart teaching in international Chinese education: A case study on the use of generative AI. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Social Science and Humanity (Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 777–784). https://doi.org/10.61796/icossh.v2i3.163

Farasatkhah, M. (2011, May 29). An idea of the future curriculum with an emphasis on the actor-network theory approach. Paper presented at the Conference on Fundamental Transformation in the Curriculum System of Iran, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran.

Fenwick, T. J. (2010). (Un)doing standards in education with actor-network theory. Journal of Education Policy, 25(2), 117–133. https://doi.org/10.1080/02680930903314277

Fenwick, T., & Edwards, R. (2011). Introduction: Reclaiming and renewing actor-network theory for educational research. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 43(sup1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-5812.2010.00667.x

Holmes, W., Bialik, M., & Fadel, C. (2019). Artificial intelligence in education: Promises and implications for teaching and learning. Center for Curriculum Redesign.

Hossain, M. E., & Islam, M. A. (2024). AI and the future of education: Philosophical questions about the role of artificial intelligence in the classroom. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, 8(3S), 5541–5547. https://doi.org/10.47772/IJRISS.2024.803419S

Karaoulas, A. (2025). Supervision and teaching in education: Historical development and contemporary transformation in the digital age. International Journal of Research in Education, Humanities, and Commerce.

Kölemen, C. Ş. (2024). Digital transformation in education: Multidimensional effects of artificial intelligence-supported learning management systems. Participatory Educational Research, 11(5), 102–124. https://doi.org/10.17275/per.24.66.11.5

Kumar, A. (2024). Artificial intelligence in education: Revolutionizing teaching and learning. Journal of Asian Primary Education, 1(1), 63–67. https://doi.org/10.59966/joape.v1i1.1207

Latour, B. (1987). Science in action: How to follow scientists and engineers through society. Harvard University Press.

Latour, B. (1988). The pasteurization of France (A. Sheridan & J. Law, Trans.). Harvard University Press.

Latour, B. (1992). One more turn after the social turn: Easing science studies into the non-modern world. In E. McMullin (Ed.), The social dimensions of science (pp. 272–294). University of Notre Dame Press.

Latour, B. (1993). We have never been modern. Harvard University Press.

Latour, B. (1999). On recalling ANT. In J. Law & J. Hassard (Eds.), Actor network theory and after (pp. 15–25). Blackwell.

Latour, B. (2013). An inquiry into modes of existence: An anthropology of the moderns. Harvard University Press.

Lee, K. M. (2025). A case study of high school music convergence project class using artificial intelligence (AI) based on actor-network theory. The Journal of Learner-Centered Curriculum and Instruction, 25(9), 553–577. https://doi.org/10.22251/jlcci.2025.25.9.553

Mehromhammadi, M. (2018). Review essays in education and training (2nd ed.). Tarbiat Modares University Publications. (In Persian)

Mills, T. (2018). What has become of critique? Reassembling sociology after Latour. The British Journal of Sociology, 69(2), 286–305.

Moradi, A., & Zarghami, H. S. (2019). The status of massive open online courses (MOOCs) in breeding students’ moral responsibility with an emphasis on actor-network theory. (Journal information unavailable).

Nopas, D. S. (2025a). Decentring the human: Actor-network theory and AI in Thai online learning communities. Asian Education and Development Studies, Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1108/AEDS-08-2024-0169

Nopas, D. S. (2025b). Algorithmic learning or learner autonomy? Rethinking AI’s role in digital education. Qualitative Research Journal. https://doi.org/10.1108/QRJ-11-2024-0282

Piekut, B. (2014). Actor-networks in music history: Clarifications and critiques. Twentieth-Century Music, 11(2), 191–215.

Shapiro, S. (1997). Caught in a web: The implications of ecology for radical symmetry in science and technology studies. (Unpublished manuscript).

Sharifzadeh, R., & Moghadam Heidari, G. (2015). Leaving the dichotomy of autonomous technology and technology as intermediary based on Latour’s point of view. Philosophy of Science, 5(9), 29–51.

Short, E. C. (Ed.). (1991). Forms of curriculum inquiry. SUNY Press.

Sperling, K. (2022). Machine (network) learning in K–12 classrooms: Exploring the state of the actual with actor-network theory. In Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Networked Learning.

Sperling, K., Stenliden, L., Nissen, J., & Heintz, F. (2022). Still w(AI)ting for the automation of teaching: An exploration of machine learning in Swedish primary education using actor-network theory. European Journal of Education, 57(4), 584–600.

Stefania-Andreea, B. I. T. U. (2024). The impact of artificial intelligence in education: Transforming educational management in the digital age. In Proceedings of the International Management Conference (Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 230–240). https://doi.org/10.24818/IMC/2024/02.13

Tao, H. B., & Pérez, V. R. D. (2025). Impact of artificial intelligence on educational actors (2015–2023). Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Sociales, 16(1), 240–276.

Tatnall, A. (2019). Researching computers and education through actor-network theory. In International Conference on Sustainable ICT, Education, and Learning (pp. 78–88). Springer.

Tilepbergenovna, U. A. (2024). The role of artificial intelligence in education. International Journal of Pedagogics, 4(10), 184–187.

Whittle, A., & Spicer, A. (2008). Is actor-network theory a critique? Organization Studies, 29(4), 611–629.

Yoon, O.-H. (2024). Exploring the educational implications of networking. Korean Journal of General Education, 18(1), 67–78. https://doi.org/10.46392/kjge.2024.18.1.67

Zawacki-Richter, O., Marín, V. I., Bond, M., & Gouverneur, F. (2019). Systematic review of research on artificial intelligence applications in higher education: Where are the educators? International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 16(1), Article 39.