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The Role of Persian L1 and English L2 on the Acquisition of L3 Indefinite Frequency Adverbs | ||
Journal of English Language Teaching and Learning | ||
دوره 16، شماره 34، اسفند 2024، صفحه 169-196 اصل مقاله (1.17 M) | ||
نوع مقاله: Research Paper | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22034/elt.2024.60320.2611 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
Emad Khosravani؛ Ali Akbar Jabbari* ؛ Ali Mohammad Fazilatfar؛ Mohammad Javad Rezai | ||
Department of English, Yazd University, Iran | ||
چکیده | ||
This study aims to identify the role of transfer in the L3 acquisition of indefinite frequency adverbs, be it L1, L2 or both; and to find out whether CLI occurs on a feature-by-feature basis or as a wholesale phenomenon. Also, this study intends to investigate the influence of the learners' L2 proficiency on the L3 acquisition of indefinite frequency adverbs; and to examine the effect of different task modalities on the facilitative/detrimental role of background languages in the transfer of indefinite frequency adverbs in the early stages of German learning. To this end, we studied 30 Persian-speaking L3 learners with previous L2 knowledge of English. We collected data from a grammaticality judgement task to account for learners' receptive knowledge and an element rearrangement task to measure learners' production. The data were analyzed using multivariate tests and paired samples t-tests, which allowed us to estimate the effects of background languages, learners' L2 proficiency, and task type on the acquisition of indefinite frequency adverbs in L3. The results contradicted the wholesale CLI and supported the hybrid transfer models of CEM and LPM, which claim that transfer occurs property by property. The results also refuted the role of micro-variables, including learners' L2 proficiency and task type. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
cross-linguistic influence؛ L3 acquisition؛ CEM؛ LPM؛ indefinite frequency adverbs | ||
مراجع | ||
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