آمار
| تعداد نشریات | 44 |
| تعداد شمارهها | 1,303 |
| تعداد مقالات | 16,020 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 52,487,450 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 15,214,278 |
Explicit Teaching of an Unsalient Property: the case of illicit resumptive pronouns in English relative clauses | ||
| Journal of English Language Teaching and Learning | ||
| دوره 15، شماره 31، مهر 2023، صفحه 255-269 اصل مقاله (1.27 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: Research Paper | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22034/elt.2023.56695.2542 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| Manijeh Youhanaee* ؛ Anna Mirzaiyan؛ Mohammad Amiryousefi | ||
| Department of Foreign Languages, University of Isfahan, Iran. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| The present study investigated the role of explicit instruction on the acquisition of English relative clauses by focusing on resumptive pronouns among Iranian learners of English at an intermediate level of proficiency. The study focused on two structurally different languages (Persian and English) regarding the use of resumptive pronouns. A grammaticality Judgment Test (GJT) and a Sentence Combination Task (SCT) at three phases of pre-test, immediate, and delayed posttests, have been used; paired samples t-tests showed that exposure to input through teaching materials can improve the learners’ performance in specific types of relative structures, but not in all. The findings propose that if language learners, especially in a foreign language context, are provided with enough input and still don’t acquire an uninterruptable feature (resumptive pronouns in this case), then it can be said that fossilization has occurred and the interpretability hypothesis (Tsimpli and Dimitrakopolou, 2007) will be confirmed. It also shows that explicit teaching can lead to future noticing in input and result in more stable acquisition. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| Relative clause؛ resumptive pronoun؛ Interpretability Hypothesis؛ Uninterpretable feature | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Chomsky, N. (1995). The minimalist program. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Ellis, R. (1993). The structural syllabus and second language acquisition. TESOL quarterly, 27(1), 91-113.
Franceschina, F. (2002). Case and φ -feature agreement in advanced L2 Spanish grammars. In Susan H. Foster-Cohen, T. R., & Marie-L. P. (Eds.), EUROSLA Yearbook 2 (pp. 71-86). Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Franceschina, F. & Hawkins, R. (2003). Explaining the acquisition and non-acquisition of determiner-noun gender concord in French and Spanish. In Prévost, P., & Paradis, J. (Eds.), The acquisition of French in different contexts (pp. 175-205). Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Gavruseva, E. & Lardiere, D. (1996). The emergence of extended phrase structure in child L2 acquisition. In Aandy, S.; Dalia, C. A; Elizabeth H; & Aandrea Z. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 20th Annual Boston University Conference on Language Development (pp. 225-236). Cascadilla Press.
Hawkins, R. & Casillas, G. (2008). Explaining frequency of verb morphology in early L2 speech. Lingua, 118, 595-612.
Hawkins, R. & Chan, C. (1997). The partial availability of universal grammar in second language acquisition: the failed functional features hypothesis. Second Language Research, 22, 269-301.
Hawkins, R. & Liszka, S. (2003). Locating the source of defective past tense marking in advanced L2 English speakers. In Roeland, V. H.; Aafke, H.; Folkert K.; & Richard T. (Eds.), The interface between syntax and lexicon in second language acquisition (pp.21-44). Benjamins.
Hazdenar, B. & Schwartz, B. D. (1997). Are there optional infinitives in child L2 acquisition? In Elizabeth Hughes, Mary Hughes, & Annabel Greenhill (Eds.), Proceedings of the 21st Annual Boston University Conference on Language Development (pp. 257-268). Cascadilla Press.
Keenan, E. & Comrie, B. (1977). Noun phrase accessibility and universal grammar. Linguistic Inquiry, 8 (1), 63–99.
Koçak, A. (2020). Turkish tertiary level EFL learners’ recognition of relative clauses. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 16(4), 1637-1655. 10.17263/jlls.850976.
Kong, S. (2011). The non-droppability of uninterpretable features in SLA: On interpretation of resumptive pronouns in L2 Chinese. Taiwan Journal of Linguistics, 9(2), 147-180.
Krashen, S. (1992). The input hypothesis: An update. Linguistics and language pedagogy: The state of the art, 409-431.
Lardiere, D. (2008). Feature assembly in second language acquisition. In Juana Liceras, Helmut Zobl, & Helen Goodluck (Eds.), The role of features in second language acquisition (pp. 106-140). Erlbaum.
Lardiere, D. (2009). Some thoughts on the contrastive analysis of feature in second language acquisition. Second Language Research, 25, 171-225.
Lardiere, D. (1998a). Case and tense in the ‘fossilized’ steady state. Second Language Research, 14, 1-26.
Lardiere, D. (1998b). Dissociating syntax from morphology in a divergent L2 end- state grammar. Second Language Research, 14, 359-375.
Lardiere, D. (2005). On morphological competence. In Laurent Dekydtspotter, Rex A Sprouse, & Audrey Liljestrand (Eds.), Proceedings of the 7th Generative Approaches to Second Language Acquisition Conference (GASLA 2004) (pp. 178-192). Cascadilla Press.
Liszka, S. A. (2004). Exploring the effects of first language influence on second language pragmatic processes from a syntactic deficit perspective. Second Language Research, 3, 212-231.
Marefat, H. & Abdollahnejad, E. (2014). Acquisition of English Relative Clauses by Adult Persian Learners: Focus on Resumptive Pronouns. The Journal of Teaching Language Skills (JTLS), 5 (4), 19-40.
McCarthy, Corinne. (2007). Morphological variability in second language Spanish.
Mowlaei, H. (2021). Typological Study of Resumptive Pronouns in Persian Relative Clause. Journal of Linguistics & Khorasan Dialects, 13(1), 113-140. 10.22067/jlkd.2021.70621.1033.Nosratzadegan, N.; Seifoori, Z. & Mafton, P. (2016). Persian Speakers’ Recognition of English Relative Clauses: The Effects of Enhanced Input vs. Explicit Feedback Types. Issues in Language Teaching (ILT), Vol. 5, NO.2, 211-232.
Prévost, P. & White, L. (2000). Missing surface inflection hypothesis or impairment in second language acquisition? Evidence from tense and agreement. Second Language Research, 16,103-133.
Rezai, M. J. (2011). Acquisition of resumptive pronouns in interrogative embedded clauses by Persian learners of English. Iranian EFL Journal, 7(4), 24-44.
Rungruang, A. & Chanthawee, C. (2023). The effects of explicit instruction on English relative clauses. Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences University of Phayao, 11(1), 67-96
Sadeghi, S.; Maftoon, P. & Yazdanimoghadam, M. (2022). An Investigation into Textual Input Enhancement and Output Production in Relation to the Noticing of English Relative Clauses: The Case of Iranian EFL Learners. Journal of Language Horizons, 6(1), 7-27. 10.22051/lghor.2021.32221.1334.
Solaimani, E.; Myles, F. & Lawyer, L. (2023). Testing the Interpretability Hypothesis: Evidence from acceptability judgments of relative clauses by Persian and French learners of L2 English. Second Language Research, 02676583231162783.
Taghavipour, M. A. (2004). An HPSG analysis of Persian relative clauses. In S. Muller (Ed.). Proceedings of the HPSG 04 Conference (pp. 274293). CSLI Publications.
Taghavipour, M. A. (2005). Persian relative clauses in head-driven phrase structure grammar. Doctoral dissertation, University of Essex, England.
Tsimpli, I. M. & Dimitrakopoulou. M. (2007). The interpretability hypothesis: Evidence from Wh-interrogatives in SLA. Second Language Research, 23, 215-242.
Tsimpli, I. M. (2006). Variation in SLA. in Encyclopedia of language and linguistics (2nd edition). Unpublished doctoral dissertation, McGill University, Montréal. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 287 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 324 |
||