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پدیده خشکسالی و نقش مکانیزاسیون کشاورزی در وقوع یا پیشگیری از آن | ||
مکانیزاسیون کشاورزی | ||
دوره 7، شماره 3، مهر 1401، صفحه 15-26 اصل مقاله (1.21 M) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22034/jam.2023.15785 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
حسن ذکی دیزجی* ؛ نگار حافظی | ||
گروه مهندسی بیوسیستم، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران | ||
چکیده | ||
یکی از موضوعات مهم و تاثیرگذار در آینده فناوریهای کشاورزی نحوه مقابله با تغییرات اقلیمی و محیطی است. امروزه مشکل کاهش آب موجود نه تنها چالشی برای ایران بلکه تهدیدی برای کل جهان است. اما در این میان کشورهای خاورمیانه از جمله ایران سهم بیشتری در این تهدید آبی دارند. بر اساس آمار منتشر شده سهم آب در بخش کشاورزی نسبت به بخش شهری و صنعتی بسیار بیشتر است و این افزایش حدود 91 درصد اعلام شده است، در حالیکه میانگین جهانی مصرف آب در بخش کشاورزی کمتر از 70 درصد است. بنابراین، لازم است برای اجرای نظامهای کشاورزی که آب کمی مصرف میکنند و یا برای شرایط کم آبی مناسب هستند، راهکارهایی ارائه شود. مکانیزاسیون بهعنوان مرحله توسعه هر کشت و زرعی میتواند به توسعه نظامهای کشاورزی اصلاحی مناسب شرایط بحران کم آبی کمک کند. در این تحقیق ابتدا نظامهای کشاورزی توسعه یافته با هدف کاهش مصرف آب شرح داده شد. سپس جایگاه مکانیزاسیون در کشاورزی پایدار و حفاظتی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. در ادامه مطالعات و شاخصهای مکانیزاسیون شامل بهرهوری آب و انرژی و هزینه تامین آب در شرایط بحران کم آبی مورد بحث قرار گرفت. در نظام کشاورزی پایدار، استفاده از تجهیزات مدرن، هوشمند و مناسب با شرایط ایران در کنار توسعه روشهای نوین آبیاری میتواند به بحران کمآبی کمک زیادی کند. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
آبیاری؛ سیستمهای کشاورزی؛ فناوریهای نوین؛ مکانیزاسیون | ||
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