The Impact of Edmodo as an Asynchronous Online Discussion Forum on English Reading Comprehension Skills of Iranian Learners

Afflerbach, P., Pearson, P. D., & Paris, S. G. (2008). Clarifying differences between reading skills and reading strategies. The reading teacher, 61(5), 364-373.

Akbari, J., Tabrizi, H. H., & Chalak, A. (2021). Effectiveness of virtual vs. non-virtual teaching in improving reading comprehension of Iranian undergraduate EFL students. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 22(2), 272-283.

Anya. (2019). About. Retrieved September 17, 2020, from https://go.edmodo.com/about/

Armstrong, D. A. (2011). Students’ Perceptions of Online Learning and Instructional Tools: A Qualitative Study of Undergraduate Students Use of Online Tools. TOJET: The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 10(3), 222-226.

Azizan, F. Z. (2010). Blended learning in higher education institution in Malaysia. In Proceedings of regional conference on knowledge integration in ICT Vol. 10, pp. 454-466.

Behjat, F., Yamini, M., & Bagheri, M. S. (2012). Blended learning: A ubiquitous learning environment for reading comprehension. International Journal of English Linguistics, 2(1), 97.

Bower, B. L. & Hardy, K. P. (2004). From correspondence to cyberspace: Changes and challenges in distance education. New Directions for Community Colleges, 2004(128), 5-12.

Brush, A. J., Bargeron, D., Grudin, J., Borning, A., & Gupta, A. (2002). Supporting interaction outside of class: anchored discussions vs. discussion boards. In Proceedings of the Conference on Computer Support for Collaborative Learning: Foundations for a CSCL Community (pp. 425-434). International Society of the Learning Sciences.

Camarero, C., Rodríguez, J., & José, R. S. (2012). An exploratory study of online forums as a collaborative learning tool. Online Information Review, 36(4), 568-586.

Davidson-Shivers, G., Muilenberg, L., & Tanner, E. (2000). Synchronous and Asynchronous Discussion: What Are the Differences in Student Participation? In EdMedia+ Innovate Learning (pp. 267-271). Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE).

Delacruz, S. (2013). Online reading response using Edmodo. The Florida Reading Journal, 49 (2), pp. 9-12.

Delahunty, J. (2018). Connecting to learn, learning to connect: Thinking together in asynchronous forum discussion. Linguistics and Education, 46, 12-22. doi:10.1016/j.linged.2018.05.003

Durairaj, K., & Umar, I. N. (2015). A proposed conceptual framework in measuring social interaction and knowledge construction level in asynchronous forum among university students. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 176, 451-457.

Dzubinski, L. (2014). Teaching presence: Co-creating a multi-national online learning community in an asynchronous classroom. Online Learning, 18(2).

Educational Testing Service. (2015). Official TOEFL iBT tests (2nd ed., Vol. 1). New York: McGraw-Hill Education.

Educational Testing Service. (2017). The official guide to the TOEFL test (5th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Education.

Gao, F., & Wong, D. (2008). Student engagement in distance learning environments: A comparison of threaded discussion forums and text-focused Wikis. First Monday, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.5210/fm.v13i1.2018

Ghazizadeh, T., & Fatemipour, H. (2017). The effect of blended learning on EFL Learners’ reading proficiency. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 8(3), 606. https://doi.org/10.17507/jltr.0803.21

Goertzen, P., & Kristjánsson, C. (2007). Interpersonal dimensions of community in graduate online learning: Exploring social presence through the lens of Systemic Functional Linguistics. The Internet and Higher Education, 10(3), 212-230. doi:10.1016/j.iheduc.2007.06.005

Grabe, W. (2012). Reading in a second language moving from theory to practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Grabe, W. P., & Stoller, F. L. (2013). Teaching and Researching: Reading. Old Tappan: Taylor and Francis.

Hourdequin, P. (2014). Edmodo: A Simple Tool for Blended Learning. The language Teachers. Japan Association for Language Teaching, 38.

Kagan, J. (1966). Reflection-impulsivity: The generality and dynamics of conceptual tempo. Journal of abnormal psychology, 71(1), 17.

Kheirzadeh, S., & Birgani, M. B. (2018). Exploring the effectiveness of blended learning in improving reading comprehension among Iranian EFL students. Journal of Applied Linguistics and language research, 5(1), 106-120.

Kongchan, C. (2012). How a non-digital-native teacher makes use of Edmodo. Retrieved from www.conference.pixel-online.netf

Kongchan, C. (2013). How Edmodo and google docs can change traditional classrooms. Paper presented at The European Conference on Language Learning 2013 Official Conference Proceedings. Retrieved from www.iafor.org

Lim, D. H., & Morris, M. L. (2009). Learner and instructional factors influencing learning outcomes within a blended learning environment. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 12(4), 282-293.

Lim, D. H., Morris, M. L., & Kupritz, V. W. (2007). Online vs. blended learning: Differences in instructional outcomes and learner satisfaction. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 11(2), 27-42.

Mohamad, M., Hussin, S., Amir, Z., Yaacob, A., Kummin, S., & Zahidi, A. (2012). The Use of Asynchronous Forum to Enhance Reading Comprehension of Distance Learners. Asian Social Science, 8(15), 124-135. doi:10.5539/ass.v8n15p124

Mohamad, M., Omar, A., & Mansor, A. Z. (2013). Asynchronous Forum as a Discussion Tool in a Preparatory Reading Course for First Year Distance Learners. Asian Social Science, 9(13), 53-62. doi:10.5539/ass.v9n13p53

Neuhauser, C. (2002). Learning style and effectiveness of online and face-to-face instruction. The American Journal of Distance Education, 16(2), 99-113.

Petrides, L. A. (2002). Web-based technologies for distributed (or distance) learning: Creating learning-centered educational experiences in the higher education classroom. International journal of instructional media, 29(1), 69-77.

Phillips, D. (2015). Longman preparation course for the TOEFL iBT test. White Plains, NY: Pearson Education.

Pratama, E. Y. (2015). The implementation of blended learning method using Edmodo (a social networking site) in teaching reading comprehension. In International Conference on Language, Literature, Culture, & Education. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Rad, M. R. (2018). The effect of Moodle-mediated instruction on the reading comprehension of Iranian EFL Learners. International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Scientific Research, 1(3), 70-78. https://doi.org/10.31426/ijamsr.2018.1.3.136

Salmon, G. (2005). Flying not flapping: a strategic framework for e-learning and pedagogical innovation in higher education institutions. ALT-J, Research in Learning Technology, 13(3), 201-218.

Salmon, G., & Angood, R. (2013). Sleeping with the enemy. British Journal of Educational Technology, 44(6), 916-925. doi:10.1111/bjet.12097

Salter, N. P., & Conneely, M. R. (2015). Structured and unstructured discussion forums as tools for student engagement. Computers in Human Behavior, 46, 18-25.

Salter, S., Douglas, T., & Kember, D. (2017). Comparing face-to-face and asynchronous online communication as mechanisms for critical reflective dialogue. Educational Action Research, 25(5), 790-805.

Sharma, P., & Barrett, B. (2008). Blended learning: Using technology in and beyond the language classroom. Stuttgart: Macmillan.

Sholihah, I., & Retnanindyah, P. (2019). The reading based instruction to foster learner autonomy in an EFL-learning community. Journal of Education and Development, 7(2), 50-54.

Sife, A., Lwoga, E., & Sanga, C. (2007). New technologies for teaching and learning: Challenges for higher learning institutions in developing countries. International journal of education and development using ICT, 3(2), 57-67.

Thomas, E. V. & Biriyai, A. H. (2014). Online discussion forum: A tool for effective student-teacher interaction. International Journal of Applied Science- Research and Review, 1(3), 111-116.

Thongmak, M. (2013). Social network system in classroom: antecedents of Edmodo© adoption. Journal of E-learning and Higher Education, 2013(1), 1-15.

Urquhart, A. H., & Weir, C. J. (1998). Reading in a second language: Process, product and practice. New York: Longman.

Warawudhi, R. (2017). The Evaluation of Edmodo in Business Reading Class. International Journal of Information and Education Technology, 7(2), 153-158. doi:10.18178/ijiet.2017.7.2.858

Wegerif, R. (2013). Dialogic: Education for the internet age. London: Routledge.

Whittaker, C. (2013). Introduction. In B. Tomlinson, Blended learning in English language teaching: course design and implementation (pp. 11-23). London: British Council.

Wikle, J. S., & West, R. E. (2019). An analysis of discussion forum participation and student learning outcomes. International Journal on E-Learning 18(2): 205–28.

Williams, E., & Moran, C. (1989). Reading in a foreign language at intermediate and advanced levels with particular reference to English. Language Teaching, 22(4), 217-228.

Yagci, T. (2015). Blended Learning via Mobile Social Media & Implementation of “Edmodo” in Reading Classes. Advances in Language and Literary Studies, 6(4), 41-47. doi:10.7575/aiac.alls.v.6n.4p.41

Zahedi, Z., & Tabatabaei, O. (2015). The effect of blended teaching on reading strategy use by Iranian EFL learners. International Journal of Foreign Language Teaching and Research, 3(11), 25-38.

Zarei, A., & Pedram, S., J. (2018). Reading micro skills: Does gender make a difference? Scholars’ Press.