تحلیل چند متغیره تلفات دانه و انرژی در سیستم‌های برداشت گندم با رویکرد ترکیبی PCA-LDA

Abdalla, O. A., Dahab, M. H., Musa, M. M., & Babikir, E. S. N. (2021). Influence of Combine Harvester Forward and Reel Speeds on Wheat Harvesting Losses in Gezira Scheme (Sudan). International Journal of Scientific Advances, 2(2), 177–182. https://doi.org/10.51542/ijscia.v2i2.17

Aboelasaad, G., Pari, L., Brambilla, M., Bergonzoli, S., Cozzolino, L., Ceglie, F. G., Elkot, A. F., Shaban, Y., & Morgan, H. (2026). Evaluation of Different Mechanized Wheat Harvesting Systems in Egypt: Case Study Within the EU KAFI Programme. AgriEngineering, 8(3), 87. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriengineering8030087

Al-Sammarraie, M. A. J., & Alhadithi, S. A. (2021). Determination of Grain Losses on Combine Harvester. J. Sci. Eng. Res, 8, 196–202. 

Alhajj Ali, S., Tedone, L., & De Mastro, G. (2013). A comparison of the energy consumption of rainfed durum wheat under different management scenarios in southern Italy. Energy, 61, 308–318.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2013.08.028

Amiri, H., Asakereh, A., & Soleymani, M. (2022). Economic Analysis and Evaluation of Grain Losses of Two Common Straw Collecting Combine Harvester: A Case Study, Azna County, Lorestan, Iran. Journal of Agricultural Machinery, 12(4), 613–626. (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22067/jam.2021.70758.1045

Andriani, L., & Kusrini, N. (2025). Losses in Each Stage of Rice Harvest and Postharvest. Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia, 30(1), 85–98. https://doi.org/10.18343/jipi.30.1.85

Anonymous. (2024). Agricultural Statistics Yearbook: Volume 1, Crop Products 2023-2024. M. o. Agriculture-Jihad. (In Persian).

Bazvand, Z., Nouri, S., Behrouzi Lar, M., & Yari, R. (2016). Investigation of Forward Speed and Cutting Height of Two Types of Combine Harvesters (John Deere 955 and K130) for Wheat Harvesting BT - 5th National Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Natural Resources. Tehran. (In Persian).

Bomoi, M. I., Mat Nawi, N., Abd Aziz, S., & Mohd Kassim, M. S. (2022). Sensing Technologies for Measuring Grain Loss during Harvest in Paddy Field: A Review. AgriEngineering, 4(1), 292–310.  https://doi.org/10.3390/agriengineering4010020

Calicioglu, O., Flammini, A., Bracco, S., Bellù, L., & Sims, R. (2019). The future challenges of food and agriculture: An integrated analysis of trends and solutions. Sustainability, 11(1), 222–222. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11010222

Chen, X., He, X., Wang, W., Qu, Z., & Liu, Y. (2022). Study on the technologies of loss reduction in wheat mechanization harvesting: a review. Agriculture, 12(11), 1935–1935.  https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12111935

Dehghan, E., & Eyvani, A. (2019). Assessment and Spatial Analysis of Combine Harvester Wheat Losses in Iran BT - 12th National Congress on Biosystem Mechanical Engineering and Mechanization of Iran. Ahvaz. (In Persian).

Ebrahimi-Nik, M. A., Khadem-Hosseini, N., Mahdinia, A., & Kazemi, N. (2008). Effect of ground speed and effective header width on wheat losses in JD 955 combine. Iran. (In Persian).

Elhami, B., Raini, M. G. N., & Soheili-Fard, F. (2019). Energy and environmental indices through life cycle assessment of raisin production: A case study (Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran). Renewable Energy, 141, 507–515.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2019.04.034

Erenstein, O., Jaleta, M., Mottaleb, K. A., Sonder, K., Donovan, J., & Braun, H.-J. (2022). Global trends in wheat production, consumption and trade. In (pp. 47–66). Springer International Publishing Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90673-3_4

Erkan, M., & Dogan, A. (2019). Harvesting of horticultural commodities. In (pp. 129–159). Elsevier.

FAO. (2023). Sustainable Agricultural Mechanization   http://www.fao.org

Farshad, L., Durban Astana, A., & Pourahmad, A. (2022). Analysis of the Role of the Mental Image of the Destination Brand in Tourism Development, Case Study: Marivan City. urban tourism, 9(1), 49–65. (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22059/jut.2022.332215.965

Filenko, G. A., Firsova, T. I., & Skvortsova, Y. G. (2018). Grain loss during winter wheat harvesting. Зерновое хозяйство России(1), 28–32. 

Govindaraj, M., Masilamani, P., Asokan, D., Rajkumar, P., & Selvaraju, P. (2017). Effect of different harvesting and threshing methods on harvest losses and seed quality of rice varieties. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 6(9), 1510–1520.  https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.609.184

Hasan, K., Tanaka, T. S., Alam, M., Ali, R., & Saha, C. K. (2020). Impact of modern rice harvesting practices over traditional ones. Reviews in Agricultural Science, 8, 89–108.  https://doi.org/10.7831/ras.8.0_89

Hatirli, S. A., Ozkan, B., & Fert, C. (2006). Energy inputs and crop yield relationship in greenhouse tomato production. Renewable Energy, 31(4), 427–438.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2005.04.007

Hazbawi, I. (2026). Modeling and Optimization of Grain Loss in the Threshing, Separation and Cleaning (TSC) Unit of a Straw-Chopper Combine Harvester Using Response Surface Methodology. Results in Engineering, 110861–110861. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2026.110861

Husaini, Ardiansyah, R., Ismail, M., & Andriani, R. (2021). Feasibility analysis of traditional rice farming with combine harvester in Teureubeh Village, Aceh Besar District. In E3S Web of Conferences (Vol. 306, p. 02044). EDP Sciences.

Imran, M., & Ozcatalbas, O. (2021). Optimization of energy consumption and its effect on the energy use efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions of wheat production in Turkey. Discover Sustainability, 2(1), 28–28.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-021-00035-w

Kaab, A., Sharifi, M., Mobli, H., Nabavi-Pelesaraei, A., & Chau, K.-w. (2019). Use of optimization techniques for energy use efficiency and environmental life cycle assessment modification in sugarcane production. Energy, 181, 1298–1320.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2019.06.002

Karimi, M., Beheshti Tabar, I., & Khubbakht, G. M. (2008). Energy production in Iran’s agronomy. Am. Eurasian J. Agric. Environ. Sci, 4(2), 172–177. 

Keikha, A., Parashkoohi, M. G., Mohammadi, A., & Afshari, H. (2025). Comparing mechanization systems for regression model based crop production under different tillage systems. Results in Engineering, 25, 104056–104056. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104056

Khoshnevisan, B., Rafiee, S., Omid, M., Yousefi, M., & Movahedi, M. (2013). Modeling of energy consumption and GHG (greenhouse gas) emissions in wheat production in Esfahan province of Iran using artificial neural networks. Energy, 52, 333–338.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2013.01.028

Kitani, O., Jungbluth, T., Peart, R. M., & Ramdani, A. (1999). CIGR handbook of agricultural engineering (Vol. 5). American Society of Agricultural Engineers. 

Kumar, D., & Kalita, P. (2017). Reducing postharvest losses during storage of grain crops to strengthen food security in developing countries. Foods, 6(1), 8. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods6010008

Kumar, N., Bhunia, S., & Dey, P. (2024). Data envelopment analysis and multi-objective genetic algorithm based optimization of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions in rice-wheat system. Energy, 313, 133680–133680.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2024.133680

Menzel, A., Egli, L., & Gross, A. (2025). Energy-efficiency of community supported agriculture farms and conventional vegetable production. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 9, 1490652–1490652.  https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2025.1490652

Mirasi, A., Asoodar, M. A., Samadi, M., & Kamran, E. (2014). The evaluation of wheat losses harvesting in two conventional combine (John Deere 1165, 955) in Iran. International Journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research, 2(5), 1417–1425. 

Mohammadi, A., Tabatabaeefar, A., Shahan, S., Rafiee, S., & Keyhani, A. (2008). Energy use and economical analysis of potato production in Iran a case study: Ardabil Province. Energy Conversion and Management, 49, 3566–3570.  https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2008.07.003

Moitzi, G., Neugschwandtner, R. W., Kaul, H.-P., & Wagentristl, H. (2019). Energy efficiency of winter wheat in a long-term tillage experiment under Pannonian climate conditions. European Journal of Agronomy, 103, 24–31.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2018.11.002

Mostashari-Rad, F., Ghasemi-Mobtaker, H., Taki, M., Ghahderijani, M., Saber, Z., Chau, K.-W., & Nabavi-Pelesaraei, A. (2020). Data supporting midpoint-weighting life cycle assessment and energy forms of cumulative exergy demand for horticultural crops. Data in brief, 33, 106490–106490. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2020.106490

Motei, M. R., Shahbazi, F., & Hazbavi, I. (2016). Five-Year Study on the Impact of Various Factors on Wheat Dryland Losses During Harvest with Combine. Mashhad, Iran. (In Persian).

Ordikhani, H., Parashkoohi, M. G., Zamani, D. M., & Ghahderijani, M. (2021). Energy-environmental life cycle assessment and cumulative exergy demand analysis for horticultural crops (Case study: Qazvin province). Energy Reports, 7, 2899–2915.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2021.05.017

Ozkan, B., Akcaoz, H., & Fert, C. (2004). Energy input–output analysis in Turkish agriculture. Renewable Energy, 29(1), 39–51.  https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-1481(03)00135-6

Pimentel, D., & Pimentel, M. (1979). Food, Energy and Society. Edward Arnold. 

Platis, D. P., Menexes, G. C., Anagnostopoulos, C. D., Tsaboula, A. D., Kalburtji, K. L., & Mamolos, A. P. (2025). Assessing agricultural sustainability: analysis of energy use, carbon and water footprint to maintain ecosystem services in Larissa, Greece. Energy, Ecology and Environment, 10, 607–622.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s40974-025-00374-8

Rajak, D., Immanuel, G., & Jat, R. (2022). Assessment of losses in harvesting and threshing by manual method for wheat and maize crop in Samastipur district, Bihar, India. International Journal of Economic Plants, 9(4), 281–285.  http://dx.doi.org/10.23910/2/2022.IJEP0482b

Rostami, S., Lotfalian, M., & Hosseinzadeh-Samani, B. (2018). Assessment and Comparison of Conventional and Straw Walker Combines Harvesting Losses in Fars Province. Agricultural Mechanization and Systems Research, 19(70), 85–96. (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22092/erams.2018.107988.1140

Safari, M., & Rostami, M. A. (2023). Comparison of Dry Land Wheat Grain Harvest Losses in Different Types of Chaff Collector Combine Harvesters in Kurdistan Province. Journal of Agricultural Machinery, 13(3), 309–319. (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22067/jam.2022.75175.1091

Salehi, M. (2023). Energy Balance in Dryland Wheat Production in Mountainous Regions BT - 10th National Conference on Modern Studies and Research in the Field of Biology and Natural Sciences in Iran.

Sattar, M., Din, M., Ali, M., Ali, L., Waqar, M. Q., Ali, M. A., & Khalid, L. (2015). Grain losses of wheat as affected by different harvesting and threshing techniques. International Journal of Research in Agriculture and Forestry, 2 (6), 20–26. 

Sedaghat Hosseini, S. M., Korang Beheshti, A. M., & Farzaneh, Y. (2010). Comparison of Losses in Different Methods of Harvesting Irrigated Wheat in Miandoab County. Ahvaz, Iran. (In Persian).

Shahbazi, F., Shahbazi, S., Nadimi, M., & Paliwal, J. (2025). Losses in agricultural produce: A review of causes and solutions, with a specific focus on grain crops. Journal of Stored Products Research, 111, 102547–102547.  https://doi.org /10.1016/j.jspr.2025.102547

Sharifi, Z., Nazari, C., Mohammadi Samani, K., & Shabanian, N. (2017). Effects of a Wildfire on Some Soil Properties in Northeran Zagros Oak Forest (Case Study: Marivan Region). Water and Soil Science, 27(1), 1–16. (In Persian).

Sheikh Davoodi, M. J., & Houshyar, E. (2010). Evaluation of Wheat Losses Using New Holland Combine Harvester in Iran. American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, 8(1), 104–108.

Singh, J. M. (2002). On farm energy use pattern in different cropping systems in Haryana, India

Soheili-Fard, F., & Salvatian, S. B. (2015). Forecasting of tea yield based on energy inputs using artificial neural networks (a case study: Guilan province of Iran). Biological Forum – An International Journal, 7(1), 1432–1432. 

Soleymani, M., Asakereh, A., & Safaeinejad, M. (2025). Optimization of Cumulative Energy, Exergy Consumption and Environmental Life Cycle Assessment Modification of Corn Production in Lorestan Province, Iran. Journal of Agricultural Machinery, 15(1), 23–46.  https://doi.org/10.22067/jam.2024.86234.1221

Šotnar, M., Pospíšil, J., Mareček, J., Dokukilová, T., & Novotný, V. (2018). Influence of the combine harvester parameter settings on harvest losses. Acta technologica agriculturae, 21(3), 105–108. https://doi.org/10.2478/ata-2018-0019

Sumner, P. E., & Williams, E. J. (2009). Measuring field losses from grain combines. University of Georgia, Bulletin 9. 

Taghinazhad, J., & Jabraeil, V. (2021). Energy Consumption Modeling and Sensitivity Analysis of Energy Inputs for Irrigated Wheat Production: Case Study: Ardabil Province. Journal of Agricultural Mechanization, 6(4), 11–19. (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22034/jam.2022.14202

Tihanov, G., Dallev, M., Hristova, G., & Mitkov, I. (2021). Loss of grain at harvesting wheat with a combine harvester. Scientific Papers. Series A. Agronomy, 64 (1), 345–350. 

Ulukan, H. (2024). Wheat Production Trends and Research Priorities: A Global Perspective BT - Advances in Wheat Breeding : Towards Climate Resilience and Nutrient Security. In N. Zencirci, F. Altay, F. S. Baloch, M. A. Nadeem, & N. Ludidi (Eds.), (pp. 1–22). Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-9478-6_1

Vahedi, A., & Zarifneshat, S. (2021). Evaluation Energy Flow and Analysis of Energy Economy for Irrigated Wheat Production in Different Geographical Regions of Iran. Journal of Agricultural Machinery, 11(2), 505–523. (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22067/jam.v11i2.81747

Van Loon, J., Woltering, L., Krupnik, T. J., Baudron, F., Boa, M., & Govaerts, B. (2020). Scaling agricultural mechanization services in smallholder farming systems: Case studies from sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, and Latin America. Agricultural Systems, 180, 102792–102792.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2020.102792

Vishwakarma, R., Jha, S., Dixit, A. K., Rai, A., & Ahmad, T. (2020). Estimation of harvest and post-harvest losses of cereals and effect of mechanisation in different agro-climatic zones of India. Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics, 75(3), 317–336.  https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.345134

Yildizhan, H., & Taki, M. (2018). Assessment of tomato production process by cumulative exergy consumption approach in greenhouse and open field conditions: Case study of Turkey. Energy, 156, 401–408.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.05.117

Yilmaz, I., Akcaoz, H., & Ozkan, B. (2005). An analysis of energy use and input costs for cotton production in Turkey. Renewable Energy, 30(2), 145–155.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2004.06.001

Yue, J., Yao, Y., Shen, J., Li, T., Xu, N., Feng, H., Wei, Y., Xu, X., Lin, Y., & Guo, W. (2025). Winter wheat harvest detection via Sentinel-2 MSI images. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2025.2452318

Zentner, R. P., Lafond, G. P., Derksen, D. A., Nagy, C. N., Wall, D. D., & May, W. E. (2004). Effects of tillage method and crop rotation on non-renewable energy use efficiency for a thin Black Chernozem in the Canadian prairies. Soil and Tillage Research, 77.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2003.11.002