طراحی و ارزیابی اثربخشی برنامه درسی پروژه‌محور STEM بر حل مسئله و پیشرفت تحصیلی دانش‌آموزان ابتدایی

Anvari Kho, A. (2024). Psychological challenges of students during their studies. 23rd National Scientific Research Conference on Psychology and Educational Sciences, Shirvan. [in Persian]

Anwar, A., Rehman, I. U., Nasralla, M. M., Khattak, S. B. A., & Khilji, N. (2023). Emotions matter: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the detection and classification of students’ emotions in stem during online learning. Education Sciences, 13(9), 914. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci13090914.

Asadi, A. (2024). Study of family factors affecting the academic achievement of second and third year high school students in Khafar region. Sexual and Psychological Disorders, 2(3), e210627. [in Persian]

Aslani, R., Taghipour, K., Dehghanzadeh, H., and Mahmoudi, F. (2024). The effectiveness of project-based STEM curriculum on creativity of sixth grade students. Journal of Innovation and Creativity in the Humanities, 14(3), 130-169. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.71923/ichs.2025.930678 [in Persian]

Ayeni, O. O., Chisom, O. N., Al Hamad, N. M., Osawaru, B., & Adewusi, O. E. (2024). Enhancing STEM education through emotional intelligence and counseling techniques. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 21(2), 903-916.

Ayeni, O. O., Chisom, O. N., Al Hamad, N. M., Osawaru, B., & Adewusi, O. E. (2024). Enhancing STEM education through emotional intelligence and counseling techniques. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 21(2), 903-916.

Ayeni, O. O., Chisom, O. N., Al Hamad, N. M., Osawaru, B., & Adewusi, O. E. (2024). Enhancing STEM education through emotional intelligence and counseling techniques. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 21(2), 903-916. https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.21.2.0503

Badri, Z., Pournasrollah, M., Hemmati, R., Pahlavanzadeh, M. (2014). Investigating the causes and academic decline of students in elementary schools. Studies in Psychology and Educational Sciences (Negareh Institute of Higher Education), 6(79), 207-227. [in Persian]

Bahrami Maddah, A. M., Fathinia, M., Haqiqat, H., & Serkan, Z. (2023). Designing educational content for the subject of electrochemistry by combining STEM and TPACK approaches. Research in Chemistry Education, 4(3), 1-28. [in Persian]

Bilal, M. T., Shahid, S. H., Zafar, J. M., & Zaidi, S. F. A. (2025). Evaluating Pedagogical Training Needs of Science Teachers for Effective Teaching: A Rural-Urban Comparison. Journal of Asian Development Studies, 14(2), 1037-1047. https://doi.org/10.62345/jads.2025.14.2.81

Bou Saad, R., Garcia, A. L., & Garcia, J. M. C. (2025). Mapping Constructivist Active Learning for STEM: Toward Sustainable Education. Sustainability, 17(13), 6225.

Catacutan, A., Kilag, O. K., Diano Jr, F., Tiongzon, B., Malbas, M., & Abendan, C. F. (2023). Competence-based curriculum development in a globalized education landscape. Excellencia: International Multi-disciplinary Journal of Education (2994-9521), 1(4), 270-282. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.114068

Chaika, O. (2024). Bridging the gap: Traditional vs. modern education (a value-based approach for multiculturalism). In Lifelong Learning-Education for the Future World. IntechOpen.

Daye, S., & Ogan-Bekiroglu, F. (2025). Examination of the Effects of STEM Activities in Physics Subjects on Students’ Attitudes and Problem-Solving Skills. Science Insights Education Frontiers, 27(1), 4389-4416. https://doi.org/10.15354/sief.25.or713

Dehghan, H., Mahdavi, L., & Zare, Z. (2024). The Effect of Multimedia Flipped Teaching on Students' Motivation and Academic Progress in Biology. Technology of Education Journal (TEJ), 18(4), 961-964. [in Persian]

Du, X., & Lyublinskaya, I. (2023). Study of computer attitudes in STEM problem‐solving for students with disabilities. Computer Applications in Engineering Education, 31(1), 117-130.

Enciso, S., Yang, H., & Ugarte, G. (2024). Skills for Life Series: Problem-Solving. https://doi.org/10.18235/0013098

Enciso, S., Yang, H., & Ugarte, G. (2024). Skills for Life Series: Problem-Solving. https://doi.org/10.18235/0013098

English، L. D. & King، D. (2019). STEM integration in sixth grade: Desligning and constructing paper bridges. International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education، 17، 863-884. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10763-018-9912-0

English، L. D. (2016). STEM education K-12: Perspectives on integration. International Journal of STEM education, 3, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40594-016-0036-1

Fertig, J., Kumpaty, S., & Mahinfalah, M. (2024, November). National Science Foundation-Sponsored S-STEM-The Mechanical Engineering Retention, Academic Success and Career Pathway Program–Design and Implementation. In ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (Vol. 88650, p. V007T09A022). American Society of Mechanical Engineers.

golestani, H. and jafari, S. (2022). Prediction of students' academic burnout on the basis of class social context by mediating behavioral and emotional participation engagement. Educational and Scholastic studies, 11(1), 329-350. [in Persian]

Guha, S. (2024). Life Skills for Promoting Mental Well-Being among Indian Adolescents and Youth. June-July 2024. https://doi.org/10.55529/jmhib.44.21.32.

Handayani, D., & Kusnandi, K. (2025). The Effect of Confidence Level on Problem-Solving Ability on The Topic of Comparative Trigonometry: A Study on High School Students. Eduvest-Journal of Universal Studies, 5(2), 1666-1681.

Hasibuan, K. (2025). Curriculum development in the 21st century: Trends and challenges. Ontologi: Jurnal Pembelajaran dan Ilmiah Pendidikan, 3(1), 8–13. https://www.emerald.com/insight/2205-2062.htm

Heppner, P. P., & Petersen, C. H. (1982). The development and implications of a personal problem-solving inventory. Journal of counseling psychology, 29(1), 66. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0022-0167.29.1.66

Hoa, H. Q. (2025). Integrating design thinking into STEM education: Enhancing problem-solving skills of high school students. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 21(4), em2611. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/16084.

Jaiswal, A., Venkatesh, J., & Nanda, G. (2023). Understanding Student Engagement during an Experiential Learning Task Using Eye Tracking: A Case Study. 2023 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1109/FIE58773.2023.10343244.

Karkera, S., Devendra, N., Lakhani, B., Manahan, K., & Geisler, J. (2024). A review on modern teaching and learning techniques in medical education. EIKI Journal of Effective Teaching Methods, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.59652/jetm.v2i1.128

Kaya-Capocci, S., Pabuccu-Akis, A., & Orhan-Ozteber, N. (2025). Entrepreneurial STEM education: Enhancing students’ resourcefulness and problem-solving skills. Research in Science Education, 55(1), 103-134. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11165-024-10189-y

Kristianti, L., & Safira, V. (2023). TEACHERS' PERSPECTIVE ON PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING TO IMPROVE STUDENTS' PROBLEM-SOLVING SKILL IN ELT JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL. Prosiding Konferensi Linguistik Tahunan Atma Jaya (KOLITA). https://doi.org/10.25170/kolita.21.4850.

Kwon, H., & Lee, Y. (2025). A meta-analysis of STEM project-based learning on creativity. STEM Education, 5(2), 275-290. https://dx.doi.org/10.3934/steme.2025014

Lee, M. Y., & Lee, J. S. (2025). Project-based learning as a catalyst for integrated STEM education. Education Sciences, 15(7), 871. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci15070871

Lei, Y. (2024). Unlocking the secrets of STEM success: Exploring the interplay of motivation to learn science, self-regulation, and emotional intelligence from a perspective of self-determination theory. Learning and Motivation, 87, 102012.

Martanto, R., Sudira, P., Mutohhari, F., Nurtanto, M., & Astuti, M. (2022). THE EFFECT OF SELF-EFFICACY AND EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON PROJECT-BASED LEARNING IN VOCATIONAL EDUCATION. Kwangsan: Jurnal Teknologi Pendidikan. https://doi.org/10.31800/jtp.kw.v10n1.p15--29.

Maspul, K. A. (2024). Enhancing project-based learning in STEM education with integrated technology and coding. Journal of Intelligent Systems and Information Technology, 1(1), 16-24. https://doi.org/10.61971/jisit.v1i1.20

Moradi-Hyderabadi, A., Rafiian, S., Razmjoo, A., Ghodsi-Aghbolagh, D. (2024). Predicting factors affecting students' academic achievement using artificial intelligence models. Strategic Research in Education, 2(36), 801-815. [in Persian]

Musyarrofah, S., & Sahronih, S. (2025). The Influence of Students' Self-Confidence on Mathematical Problem-Solving Abilities in Grade V of Elementary School. Prima Development of Education, 1(1), 11-20.

Muzana, S. R., Wilujeng, I., Yanto, B. E., & Mustamin, A. A. (2021). E-STEM Project-Based Learning in Teaching Science to Increase ICT Literacy and Problem Solving. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 10(4), 1386-1394.

Naderiboni, A. (2023). The importance of formative assessment (continuous evaluation) in the academic progress of elementary school students. Studies in Psychology and Educational Sciences (Iranian Center for the Development of Modern Education, 43(9), 359-373. (In Persian)

Nakhaei, S., Kaykha, B., Rafati, A., Shirdel, A.A. (2020). The role of responsibility and willingness in academic decline of seventh, eighth and ninth grade students in schools in Zabol city. Psychology, Social Sciences and Educational Sciences, 6(2), 76-87. [in Persian]

Nazari, S., Khalilzadeh, P., Aghamohammadi, M., and Kiyomarsi Zafarabadi, Z. (2014). Analysis and investigation of the effect of students' responsibility and academic achievement. Strategic Research in Education, (18), 327-359. (In Persian)

nazari, F., safari, M., Heidary mehr, M. and Bigdeli, Z. (2024). Investigating the effect of preschool education on the learning of psycho-motor skills of elementary school students in Zanjan city, academic year 1402-1403. Mental Health in School, 2(3), 46-52. doi: 10.22034/jmhs.2024.461920.1066. [in Persian]

Omelianenko, O., & Artyukhova, N. (2024). Project-based learning: Theoretical overview and practical implications for local innovation-based development. Economics and Education, 9(1), 35-41. https://doi.org/10.30525/2500-946X/2024-1-6

Padmanabhanunni, A., & Pretorius, T. B. (2025). A Meta-Analysis of the Relationship Between Problem-Solving Appraisal as Assessed by the Problem Solving Inventory and Suicide Ideation. Archives of Suicide Research, 1-33. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2025.2521543

Pisarenko, V., & Zatona, D. (2024). Using heuristic teaching methods in primary school. In EDULEARN24 Proceedings (pp. 9486–9495). IATED. https://doi.org/10.21125/edulearn.2024.2294

Portillo-Blanco, A., Guisasola, J., & Zuza, K. (2025, April). Integrated STEM education: addressing theoretical ambiguities and practical applications. In Frontiers in Education (Vol. 10, p. 1568885). Frontiers Media SA. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2025.1568885

Prakoso, A. F., Subroto, W. T., Andriansyah, E. H., Sari, V. B. M., Ginanjar, A. E., & Srisuk, P. (2025). How do anxiety and self-efficacy affect the problem-solving skills of undergraduate economics students as prospective teachers in Indonesia? The role of metacognition as a mediating variable. Cogent Education, 12(1), 2521160. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2025.2521160

Rahmati, N. (2018). Effectiveness of meta cognitive skills on cognitive abilities and learning styles of dyslexic students. Sociology of Education, 4(1), 127-133. [in Persian]

Rahmawati, R., Muhimmah, H. A., & Puspita, A. M. I. (2025). Exploring students’ self-confidence through problem identification: A case study of fourth-grade learners at SD Negeri 1 Kepanjen, Malang. Journal of Innovation and Research in Primary Education, 4(3), 1261-1269.

Rasyid, A., Rinto, R., & Susanti, M. (2023). Project-based learning through the STEM approach in elementary schools: How to improve problem-solving ability. Journal of Education For Sustainable Innovation, 1(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.56916/jesi.v1i1.477

Rasyid, F., Jumadi, J., & Hawur, P. K. (2025). How to Improve Multiple Representation Skills in Physics Learning: A Systematic Literature Review. Journal of Science Learning, 8(1), 25-40.

Retno, R. S., Hidayat, A., Mashfufah, A., & Umah, E. C. (2025). Students' Creative Thinking in STEM Integrated Project-Based Learning (PjBL-STEM). Journal of Education Research and Evaluation, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.23887/jere.v9i1.84704

Retno, R. S., Purnomo, P., Hidayat, A., & Mashfufah, A. (2025). Conceptual framework design for STEM-integrated project-based learning (PjBL-STEM) for elementary schools. Asian Education and Development Studies, 14(3), 579-604. https://doi.org/10.1108/AEDS-08-2024-0188

Retno, R., Purnomo, P., Hidayat, A., & Mashfufah, A. (2025). Conceptual framework design for STEM-integrated project-based learning (PjBL-STEM) for elementary schools. Asian Education and Development Studies. https://doi.org/10.1108/aeds-08-2024-0188.

Rofiq, N. (2025). Curriculum development model as solution for adaptive education in the era of disruption. GAJIE: Global Journal of Islamic Education, 1(1), 63-74. https://doi.org/10.58518/gajie.v1i1.3269

Saeednia, A., Mahmoodi, F., Imanzadeh, A., & Taghipour, K. (2022). A Study of the elements of project-based curriculum model in elementary school and its accreditation: a qualitative study. Research in Curriculum Planning, 19(46), 101-120. [in Persian]

Safaei, N., Zarei, E., & Samavi, A. (2021). Design and validation of a curriculum pattern based on creative thinking skills for elementary students. Technology of Education Journal (TEJ), 15(3), 579-590. [in Persian]

Safitri, W., Suyanto, S., & Prasetya, W. A. (2024). The Influence of the STEM-Based Engineering Design Process Model on High School Students' Creative and Critical Thinking Abilities. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 10(2), 662-673. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v10i2.4765

Santos, P., El Aadmi, K., Calvera-Isabal, M., & Rodríguez, A. (2025). Fostering students’ motivation and self-efficacy in science, technology, engineering, and design through design thinking and making in project-based learning: a gender-perspective study in primary education. International Journal of Technology and Design Education, 1-27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10798-025-10001-6

Setiawan, V. R., Situmorang, M., & Silaban, R. (2025). Project-based learning with STEM to promote higher order thinking skills as a strategy to improve high school chemistry learning outcomes. Chemistry Teacher International, (0). https://doi.org/10.1515/cti-2025-0025.

Sharifian, S. (2024). Investigating and explaining students' academic achievement with emphasis on the factors affecting it. Studies in Psychology and Educational Sciences (Negareh Institute of Higher Education), 6(75), 541-551. (In Persian)

Shemiraani, S. E., Ebraahimzaadeh, P. D., Shafiq, N., & Noroozzaadeh, P. D. (2021). Familial, Personal, and Educational Factors Affecting School Failure among High School Students: A Meta-Analysis. Quarterly Journal of Education, 37(1), 33-52. [in Persian]

Soltani, M., Kamyabi, M., Bahrainizadeh, A., & Andishmand, V. (2024). Design and Presentation of a Model for the Relationship Between the Five Dimensions of Personality and Problem-Solving Skills and Academic Help-Seeking in Female Students. Journal of Psychological Dynamics in Mood Disorders (PDMD), 3(1), 175-186. Doi:10.52547/JPS.24.145.157 [in Persian]

Sulistyaningrum, S. D., & Shopia, K. (2025). Incorporating an ICT-Competency Framework and Problem-Solving Skills as Twenty-First Century Skills in Practical Key Teaching Syllabuses. International Journal of Technologies in Learning, 32(1). https://doi.org/10.18848/2327-0144/CGP/v32i01/23-49

Tanır, H., & Türkmen, L. (2024). The Effect of Project-Based Stem Education Approach on Academic Achievement and Stem Career Interests in Science. South Eastern European Journal of Public Health. https://doi.org/10.70135/seejph.vi.1560.

Tia, J. N. A., & Wangid, M. N. (2024). Impact of project based learning (PjBL) on enhancing student self-confidence. AL-ISHLAH: Jurnal Pendidikan, 16(3), 3684-3696. https://doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v16i3.5425

Tripon, C. (2023). Navigating the STEM jungle of professionals: unlocking critical competencies through emotional intelligence. J Educ Sci Psychol, 13, 34-47.

van Haaske, L., & Samelik, Y. (2025, February). Project-based learning as a mechanism for the enhancement of cognitive and communicative skills in STEM education. In AIP Conference Proceedings (Vol. 3268, No. 1, p. 050002). AIP Publishing LLC. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0257331

Wahyuni, R., Juniati, D., & Wijayanti, P. (2024). How do math anxiety and self-confidence affect mathematical problem solving?. Tem Journal, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.18421/TEM131-58

Wahyuni, R., Juniati, D., & Wijayanti, P. (2024). How do math anxiety and self-confidence affect mathematical problem solving?. Tem Journal, 13(1).

Wei, W. (2024). The Effect of Group Cooperation on College Students’ Learning Motivation. Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences. https://doi.org/10.54097/p7ezys61.

Wibowo, S., Wangid, M. N., & Firdaus, F. M. (2025). The Relevance of Vygotsky's Constructivism Learning Theory with the Differentiated Learning Primary Schools. Journal of education and learning (EduLearn), 19(1), 431-440. https://doi.org/10.11591/edulearn.v19i1.21197

Wijnia, L., Noordzij, G., Arends, L. R., Rikers, R. M., & Loyens, S. M. (2024). The effects of problem-based, project-based, and case-based learning on students’ motivation: A meta-analysis. Educational Psychology Review, 36(1), 29.

Yadollahi, S. and Ebrahimi, S. (2024). A Conceptual Framework for Assessments of Educational Achievement in Elementary Course Based on the Upstream Documents. Iranian Journal of Curriculum Studies, 19(73), 151-184. doi: 10.22034/jcs.2024.188641. (In Persian)

Yang, H., Zhang, Q., & Shen, M. (2024). The Practice and Research of Junior High School Information Technology Project-Based Learning Based on Stem Education Concept. International Journal of Technology in Education and Science, 8(1), 63-74. https://doi.org/10.46328/ijtes.537

Yang, W., Liang, L., Xiang, S., & Yeter, I. H. (2025). Making a Makerspace in early childhood education: effects on children's STEM thinking skills and emotional development. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 56, 101754.

Yang, Y., Sun, W., Sun, D., & Salas-Pilco, S. Z. (2025). Navigating the AI-Enhanced STEM education landscape: a decade of insights, trends, and opportunities. Research in Science & Technological Education, 43(3), 693-717. https://doi.org/10.1080/02635143.2024.2370764

YARMOHAMMADI, M., & Maghami, H. R. (2010). Study of factors affective in academic drop out of mathematic high school student. [in Persian]

Yavuz, P. (2025). From Learning to Learning How to Learn: Bridging Theory and Practice. In Resilience, Adaptability, and Cultural Awareness Within the Educational Landscape (pp. 1-44). IGI Global Scientific Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-6040-8.ch001

Yousefi-Sa'idabadi, R., Zamani, A., and Panahi-Aqhamshahdi, F. (2022). The effect of role-playing teaching method on increasing social skills and creative thinking in second-year elementary school students in Sari city. Psychology and Educational Sciences in the Third Millennium, (31), 56-65. [in Persian]

Zaglmann, D., Faltermaier, S., Grabl, S., & Fiedler, M. (2024). Creative problem-solving using generative artificial intelligence in group projects. https://www.emerald.com/insight/publication/acronym/JOLE

Zengin, R., Kavak, T., Keçeci, G., & Zengin, F. K. (2022). The Impact of STEM Applications on Problem-Solving Skills of 4th-Grade Students. Journal of Science Learning, 5(3), 386-397.