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بررسی سودمندی و کیفیت محصول تولیدی در کشت مخلوط کلزا (Brassica napus L.) و نخود (Cicer arietinum L.) تحت تأثیر نیتروژن | ||
دانش کشاورزی وتولید پایدار | ||
مقاله 2، دوره 29، شماره 4، دی 1398، صفحه 19-36 اصل مقاله (842.15 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
نویسندگان | ||
رحمن داودیان1؛ جواد حمزه ئی* 2 | ||
1زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران | ||
2گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران | ||
چکیده | ||
از کشت مخلوط بهعنوان ابزاری سودمند جهت ارتقاء بهرهبرداری از منابع زیستمحیطی موجود، در مقایسه با بوم نظامهای زراعی کشت خالص یاد شده است. ازاینرو، پژوهشی بهصورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تهران در سال زراعی 1394 اجرا شد. فاکتورها شامل الگوی کشت خالص کلزا و کشت مخلوط با نخود و چهار سطح نیتروژن شامل صفر، 40، 80 و 120 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار بودند. نخود نیز در دو حالت عدم مصرف نیتروژن و با مصرف 40 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار بهصورت خالص کشت شد. نتایج نشان داد که اثر نیتروژن و الگوی کشت بر صفات کلزا معنیدار بود، ولی اثر متقابل آنها معنیدار نبود. بیشترین مقادیر اجزای عملکرد، عملکرد بیولوژیک، شاخص کلروفیل، فتوسنتز، عملکرد دانه (304 گرم در مترمربع) و عملکرد روغن کلزا (129 گرم در مترمربع) با مصرف 120 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار بدون تفاوت معنیدار با سطح کودی 80 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار بهدست آمد. کشت خالص کلزا نیز از نظر تمامی صفات مورد بررسی به استثنای شاخص کلروفیل برگ در بالاترین سطح قرار گرفت. همچنین، کشت خالص نخود با دریافت 40 کیلوگرم نیتروژن بدون تفاوت معنیدار با عدم مصرف نیتروژن، بیشترین عملکرد دانه و پروتئین (بهترتیب 192 و 71 گرم در مترمربع) را داشت. کشت مخلوط عملکرد دانه کلزا و نخود را کاهش داد ولی شاخصهای مختلف، سودمندی کشت مخلوط نسبت به خالص را تأیید کردند. در تمام کشتهای مخلوط، نسبت برابری زمین بالاتر از یک بود. همچنین، عملکرد معادل کلزا در کشت مخلوط بیشتر از کشت خالص بود. کشت مخلوط کلزا - نخود با مصرف 120-80 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار، بیشترین کارایی استفاده از زمین و سودمندی را داشت. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
پروتئین؛ روغن کلزا؛ سودمندی کشت مخلوط؛ کیفیت؛ نسبت برابری زمین | ||
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