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بررسی کارایی ژن های مقاومت گندم نسبت به بیماری زنگ زرد و فاکتورهای بیماریزایی قارچ Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici طی دو سال بررسی در اردبیل | ||
پژوهش های کاربردی در گیاهپزشکی | ||
مقاله 7، دوره 8، شماره 3، آذر 1398، صفحه 95-107 اصل مقاله (686.41 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
نویسنده | ||
صفرعلی صفوی* | ||
بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اردبیل، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اردبیل. | ||
چکیده | ||
چکیده زنگ زرد گندم با عامل Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici یکی از مخربترین بیماریهای گندم نان در جهان است. این بیماری یک تهدید دایمی برای تولید گندم در بیشتر کشورهای آسیای مرکزی و غربی بوده است. تعداد زیادی از نژادها با فاکتورهای بیماریزایی جدید به طور پیوسته در این نواحی تکامل مییابند که موجب شکسته شدن ژن مقاومت مورد استفاده میشوند. از این رو، دانش وآگاهی در خصوص کارایی ژنهای مقاومت، به نژادگران را قادر میسازد تا ژنهای موثر را در برنامههای به نژادی قرار دهند. این پژوهش در فاصلهی سالهای 1394 تا 1395 به مدت دو سال به منظور تعیین کارایی ژنهای مقاومت در اردبیل و شناسایی الگوی بیماریزایی عامل زنگ زرد تحت شرایط مزرعهای با کاشت ارقام افتراقی ولاینهای تقریبا ایزوژنیک انجام شد. واکنش گیاهچهای نیز تحت شرایط مزرعهای در سال 1389 بررسی شد. نتایج بررسی نشان داد که ژنهای مقاومت Yr3v، Yr3a،Yr4a ، Yr4، Yr5، Yr10، Yr15، Yr16، YrCV، YrSD و YrNDژنهای مقاومت موثری بودند و ژنهای مقاومت غیر اختصاص- نژادیYrA3 ، YrA4، Yr18، Yr29، Yr30 و نیز ژنهای موجود در ارقام Parula و Pavon76، ژنهای نسبتا موثری در طی دورهی پژوهش بودند. برای ارقام حامل ژنهای Yr1،Yr2، Yr6،Yr7، Yr9، Yr17، Yr20، Yr21، Yr22، Yr23، Yr24، Yr25، Yr26، Yr27، YrSU وYrA حداقل در یک سال بیماریزایی مشاهده گردید. بنابراین، این ژنها در برابر عامل بیماری غیرموثر بودند. تجزیهی خوشهای نیز بر اساس واکنشهای گیاهچهای و گیاه کامل، ارقام را در گروههای مختلفی قرار داد که بیانگر تنوع بسیار بالا بین ژنوتیپهای مورد مطالعه بود. ژنهایی که تحت شرایط طبیعی در برابر زنگ زرد ژنهای مقاومت موثری بودند، ممکن است به تنهایی یا در ترکیب با ژنهای مقاومت پایدار (غیر اختصاص- نژادی) جهت ایجاد ارقام گندم با عملکرد بالا، استفاده شوند. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
واژه های کلیدی: گندم؛ زنگ نواری؛ پرآزاری؛ ژنهای مقاومت موثر؛ ژنهای مقاومت غیر موثر | ||
مراجع | ||
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