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ارزیابی برخی شاخصهای پایداری در کشت و صنعتهای استان خوزستان با روش تصمیمگیری چند معیاره (مطالعه موردی: تولید ذرت، گندم و نیشکر) | ||
دانش کشاورزی وتولید پایدار | ||
مقاله 8، دوره 28، شماره 3، مهر 1397، صفحه 97-113 اصل مقاله (932.92 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
نویسندگان | ||
شهلا حردانی1؛ محمدجواد شیخ داودی* 2؛ عباس عساکره2 | ||
1مهندسی مکانیزاسیون کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز | ||
2مهندسی بیوسیستم، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز | ||
چکیده | ||
در ارزیابی پایداری کشاورزی، باید جنبههای مختلف زیست محیطی، اقتصادی و اجتماعی در نظر گرفته شوند. هدف از این مطالعه ارزیابی برخی شاخصها و مقایسه پایداری تولید گندم، ذرت و نیشکر در کشت و صنعتهای استان خوزستان بود. دادهها از کشت و صنعت شهید رجایی و دعبل خزاعی به روش مصاحبه حضوری و استفاده از دادههای ثبت شده در دفاتر کشت و صنعتهای مورد بررسی، جمعآوری گردید. شاخصهای انرژی، خطر آلودگی کودهای شیمیایی و سموم کشاورزی، اثرات ماشینها بر فشردگی خاک، خطر آلودگی هوا، هزینههای اجتماعی آن و اشتغالزایی جهت مقایسه و ارزیابی پایداری مزارع، استفاده شدند. جهت تلفیق و ارزیابی همه جانبه شاخصها و رتبهبندی مزارع از روشهای چند معیاره تاپسیس و وزندهی آنتروپی استفاده شد. هر چند این شاخصها و روش چند معیاره به طور کامل، پایداری مزارع را نشان نمیدهند ولی برای مقایسهی پایداری بین مزارع و بهبود پایداری آنها مؤثر میباشند. نتایج نشان داد که اشتغالزایی، فشردگی خاک، خطرات کود نیتروژن، آلودگی هوا و انرژی در میان شاخصهای مورد بررسی به ترتیب، بیشترین تأثیر را در پایداری مزارع مورد بررسی دارند. در مزارع گندم، به جز اشتغالزایی، سایر شاخصها دارای شرایط بهتری بودند. خطر فشردگی خاک در اثر تردد ماشینهای کشاورزی در مزارع نیشکر زیاد بوده و به یکی از مشکلات اساسی آن تبدیل شده است ولی از نظر اشتغالزایی در شرایط بهتریست. آنالیز حساسیت نشان داد، پایداری مزارع مورد مقایسه نسبت به اشتغالزایی بسیار حساس میباشد بطوریکه با کاهش 39/25 درصد در وزن شاخص اشتغالزایی، تولید نیشکر از رتبه اول به رتبه آخر انتقال مییابد. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
اشتغال زایی؛ تاپسیس؛ شاخصهای پایداری؛ کشاورزی؛ محیط زیست | ||
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