آمار
| تعداد نشریات | 44 |
| تعداد شمارهها | 1,341 |
| تعداد مقالات | 16,474 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 53,513,290 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 16,029,061 |
A Shift into Autonomous Education | ||
| Journal of English Language Teaching and Learning | ||
| مقاله 4، دوره 8، شماره 17، مهر 2016، صفحه 75-92 اصل مقاله (210.89 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: Research Paper | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| Shirin Sadaghian* 1؛ Susan Marandi2 | ||
| 1PhD Candidate of TEFL, Alzahra University | ||
| 2Associate Professor of TEFL, Alzahra University | ||
| چکیده | ||
| Fostering autonomous learning has become one of the key concerns of course designers and curriculum planners in the last 20 years which has been validated on both ideological and psychological grounds. However, estimating learners’ readiness to accept autonomous education is an important step prior to moving toward autonomous education. Thus, the current research investigated the patterns of autonomous behavior among Iranian EFL learners before the implementation of principles of autonomous education in language classroom. Students' responses to autonomy questionnaire went through a factor analysis process which revealed the existence of three factors underlying participants' autonomous learning behaviors. The paper discusses each factor in turn and concludes by reiterating the importance of implementing the underlying factors in designing courses that aim at fostering learner autonomy. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| Learner autonomy؛ autonomous education؛ English Language teaching؛ autonomy questionnaire | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Ahmadi, R., & Mahdavi- Zafarghandi, A. (2013). Autonomous language learning in Iranian context: To what extent do students take responsibility for their learning?. International Journal of Research Studies in Language Learning, 2(5), 17-26.
Benson, P. (1996). Concepts of autonomy in language learning. In Pemberton, R., Li, E., Or, W., Pierson,H. (Eds.) Taking Control: Autonomy in Language Learning. Hong Kong University Press.
Benson, P. (1997). The philosophy and politics of learner autonomy. Autonomy and independence in language learning, 7, 18-34.
Benson, P. (2001) Teaching and Researching Autonomy in Language Learning. London: Longman.
Benson, P. (2011). What’s new in autonomy? The Language Teacher, 35(4), 15-18.
Benson, P., & Lor, W. (1998). Making Sense of Autonomous Language Learning. English Centre Monograph No. 2.
Chan, V. (2001). Readiness for learner autonomy: What do our learners tell us? Teaching in higher education, 6(4), 505-518.
Cotterall, S. (1995). Readiness for autonomy: Investigating learner beliefs. System, 23(2), 195-205.
Cotterall, S. (2000). Promoting learner autonomy through the curriculum: Principles for designing language courses. ELT journal, 54(2), 109-117.
Curran, C. A. (1976). Counseling-learning in second languages. Apple River IL: Apple River Press.
Dam L (2011) Developing learner autonomy with school kids: Principles, practices, results. In: Gardner D (Ed.), Fostering autonomy in language learning (pp. 40-51). Faziantep: Zirve University.
Deci, E.L. (1987). Application of research on the effect of rewards. In M. Lepper and D. Greene (Eds.), The Hidden Costs of Reward: New Perspectives on the Phycology of Human Motivation (pp. 193-203). Hillsday: NJ: Lawrence Earlbaum.
Dickinson, L. (1987). Self-instruction in LanguageLearning. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Dickinson, L. (1995). Autonomy and motivation: A literature review. System 23(2), 165-74.
HARRI-AUGSTEIN, S. and THOMAS, L. F. (1990) Learning Conversations: the Self-organisedLearning Way to Personal and Organisational Growth. London: Routledge.
Heyde, A. (1979) The Relationship between Self-esteem and the Oral Production of a Second Language. Unpublished doctoral Dissertation, University of Michigan.
Holec, H. (1981). Autonomy and Foreign Language Learning, Oxford: Pergamon Press.
Holec, H. (1981). Autonomy and Foreign Language Learning. Oxford: Pergamon.
Kenny, B. (1993). For more autonomy. System, 21(4), 431-442.
Little, D. (1994). Learner autonomy: A theoretical construct and its practical application. Die Neueren Sprachen, 93(5), 430-442.
Little, D. (1995). Learning as dialogue: The dependence of learner autonomy on teacher autonomy. System, 23(2), 175-181.
Little, D. (2007). Language learner autonomy: Some fundamental considerations revisited. International Journal of Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching, 1(1), 14-29.
Littlewood, W. (1996). Autonomy: An anatomy and a framework. System 24 (4), 427-35.
Nematipour, M. (2012). A Study of Iranian EFL learners’ autonomy level and its relationship with learning style. English Linguistics Research, 1(1), p126.
Nosratinia, M., & Zaker, A. (2013). Autonomous learning and critical thinking: Inspecting the association among EFL learners. In First National Conference on Teaching English, Literature, and Translation, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. Retrieved from http://www. civilica. Com/Paper-TELT01-TELT01_226. Html.
Nunan, D., & Miller, L. (1995). New Ways in Teaching Listening. New Ways in TESOL Series: Innovative Classroom Techniques. TESOL, 1600 Cameron Street, Suite 300, Alexandria, VA 22314.
Oxford, R. L. (1990). Language Learning Strategies: What Every Teacher Should Know. Boston, MA: Heinle and Heinle.
Pennycook, A. (1997). Cultural alternatives and autonomy. Autonomy and independence in language learning, 35-53.
Pierson, H. D. (1996). Learner culture and learner autonomy in the Hong Kong Chinese context. Taking control: Autonomy in language learning, 49-58.
Riazi, A. (2005). The four language stages in the history of Iran. In A. Lin and P. Martin (Eds.), Decolonization, Globalization: Language-in-education Policy and Practice (pp.98-115). Clevendon: Multilingual Matters.
Sinclair, B., McGrath, I. and Lamb, T. (2000). Learner Autonomy, Teacher Autonomy: Future Directions. Harlow: Longman.
Thanasoulas, D. (2000). What is learner autonomy and how can it be fostered. The Internet TESL Journal, 6(11), 37-48.
Wenden, A. (1991). Learner strategies for learner autonomy. New York: Prentice Hall.
White, C. (1995). Autonomy and strategy use in distance foreign language learning: research findings. System, 23(2), 207-221.
Zhang L. X. & Li, X. X. (2004). A comparative study on learner autonomy between Chinese students and west European students. Foreign Language World, 4, 15-23. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 1,936 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 2,154 |
||