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ارزیابی شاخصهای رشد، محصول تولیدی و سودمندی در کشت مخلوط گندم، سویا و ذرت | ||
دانش کشاورزی وتولید پایدار | ||
دوره 34، شماره 3، آبان 1403، صفحه 1-18 اصل مقاله (1.24 M) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22034/saps.2023.54328.2953 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
جواد حمزه ئی* 1؛ مجتبی زارعی2 | ||
1دانشگاه بوعلی همدان | ||
2گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات | ||
چکیده | ||
اهداف: کشت مخلوط یکی از شیوههای اکولوژیک کشاورزی پایدار است که بهمنظور افزایش بهرهوری و تولید محصولات زراعی اجرا میشود. بنابراین، با توجه به لزوم استفاده از سیستمهای کشاورزی پایدار و ایجاد تنوع در سیستمهای کشاورزی، این آزمایش با هدف بررسی رشد، محصول تولیدی از نظر کمی و کیفی و کارایی استفاده از زمین در کشت مخلوط گندم، سویا وذرت اجرا شد. مواد و روشها: آزمایش در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه بوعلی سینا در سال زراعی 99–1398 بهصورت بلوک-های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا شد. کشتهای مخلوط 4w:2s (دو ردیف سویا: چهار ردیف گندم)، 4w:2s:1c (یک ردیف ذرت: دو ردیف سویا: چهار ردیف گندم)، 4w:2s:2c، 6w:3s، 6w:3s:1c، 6w:3s:2c و کشتهای خالص هر سه گونه تیمارهای آزمایش بود. شاخص سطح برگ، سرعت رشد محصول، عملکرد دانه و بیولوژیک، کیفیت دانه و کارایی استفاده از آب، نیتروژن و زمین ارزیابی شدند. یافتهها: اثر الگوی کشت بر شاخص سطح برگ، سرعت رشد محصول، عملکرد بیولوژیک و عملکرد دانه گندم، سویا و ذرت معنیدار بود. بالاترین میزان این ویژگیها از کشت خالص هر سه گونه بهدست آمد. با این وجود، ارزیابی شاخص نسبت برابری زمین حاکی از برتری تمام الگوهای کشت مخلوط نسبت به کشت خالص داشت. بهطوری که بیشترین میزان LER (16/2) و کارایی مصرف آب از تیمار 6w:3s:2c بهدست آمد. نتیجه گیری: بهطور کلی، کشت مخلوط 6w:3s:2c علاوه بر بهبود عملکرد کل و کارایی مصرف آب میتواند به پایداری اکوسیستم و حداکثر بهرهوروی از زمین منجر شود. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
چند کشتی؛ عملکرد؛ غلات؛ کارایی استفاده از منابع؛ لگوم؛ نسبت برابری زمین | ||
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