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شناسایی کانونهای در معرض خطر فرسایش بادی در جنوب شرق دریاچه ارومیه (مطالعه موردی :شهرستانهای بناب و ملکان) | ||
هیدروژئومورفولوژی | ||
دوره 11، شماره 39، تیر 1403، صفحه 143-122 اصل مقاله (815.21 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22034/hyd.2024.60434.1728 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
مریم بیاتی خطیبی* 1؛ بهروز ساری صراف2 | ||
1استاد ژئوموروفولوژی گروه سنجش از دور و سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی دانشکده برنامه ریزی و علوم محیطی دانشگاه تبریز ،تبریز ،ایران | ||
2استاد آب و هواشناسی گروه آب و هواشناسی دانشکده برنامه ریزی و علوم محیطی دانشگاه تبریز ،تبریز ،ایران | ||
چکیده | ||
امروزه در شمال غرب کشور، به دنبال خشک شدن دریاچه ارومیه، کانونهای جدیدی در فرسایش بادی تشکیل گردیده و این کانونها به سرمنشا تولیدگرد و غبارهای خطرناک تبدیل شده است. با ادامه روند خشکی و مدیریت غیر اصولی آب و خاک، تشکیل کانونهای فرسایش بادی در قسمت جنوب شرق دریاچه ارومیه، پیامدهای منفی برای طبیعت و سلامت انسان در ابعاد بزرگتر خواهد داشت. در این مطالعه، به منظورشناسایی کانونهای فرسایش بادی، تغییرات تراز آب دریاچه ارومیه بر اساس الگوی نوسانات پارامترهای اقلیمی و با استفاده از دادههای دراز مدت ایستگاههای موجود در حوضه آبخیز دریاچه ارومیه بررسی شد. برای شناسایی مناطق منشا تولید ریزگرد و ردیابی طوفانهای گردو غباردر محدوده مورد مطالعه، از دادههای هواشناسی دید افقی زیر1000 متر و مدل لاگرانژی HYSPLITحالتپسگرد و از REANALYSISبرای ردیابی بیشترین میزان فراوانی گرد و غبار(با بازه 5 ساله)در 26 تزار فشاری ( 100-1000هکتوپاسکال)، مورد استفاده قرارگرفت. در محدوده مورد مطالعه (شهرستان بناب و ملکان)کانون فرسایش بادی با استفاده از دادههای AODپایگاه MACCبا دقت مکانی0.125 × 0.125درجه جغرافیای و مقیاس زمانی روزانه، بررسی شد. در این مطالعه از پایگاه ماهوارههای ترا و آکوا MODISبا طول موج550 نانومتر برای تولیددادههای AOD بهره گرفته شد. بررسی تصاویر ماهواره مودیس و اجرای شاخص بارزسازی ریزگرد، وقوع توفانهای مشخص گرد و غبار در فراز دریاچه ارومیه و همچنین جنوب شرق دریاچه در روزهای مختلف را اثبات کرد. بررسیها نشان دادکه ریزگردهای نمکی گستردهای در تمامی بخشهای دریاچه ارومیه و از جمله جنوب شرق دریاچه در محدوده شهرستان بناب در حال گسترش هستند و ریزگردهای این بخش در بستر جریانات جوی به سمت شرق و جنوب شرق تا مسافتی بیش از 140 کیلومتر و در جهت شمال شرق در مسافتی بیش از150 کیلومتر در طی 12 ساعت منتشر می شوند . | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
کانون های فرسایش؛ ریزگرد؛ ملکان؛ بناب؛ دریاچه ارومیه | ||
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