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ملاحظاتی در انسانشناسی پراگماتیکی کانت | ||
مجله پژوهش های فلسفی | ||
مقاله 4، دوره 5، شماره 8، خرداد 1390، صفحه 131-158 اصل مقاله (253.51 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله علمی- پژوهشی | ||
نویسنده | ||
محمدرضا عبدااله نژاد* | ||
استادیار گروه فلسفه دانشگاه تبریز | ||
چکیده | ||
کانت با اطلاق صفت «پراگماتیکی» بر انسانشناسی خود، موضع انتقادی خود را نسبت به انسانشناسی سنتی، جغرافیای طبیعی، روانشناسی تجربی، و انسانشناسی فیزیولوژیکی اعلام میدارد. او با این کار، انسان را نه به عنوان ذات، جوهر، شیء، و نفس، بلکه بر اساس سه سطح عمل او(سطح تکنیکی، سطح پراگماتیکی، و سطح اخلاقی) مورد مطالعه قرار میدهد. هدف این مقاله این است که با بررسی ریشه، معنا و مفاد انسانشناسی کانت، به این پرسش پاسخ بدهد که «آیا ارتباطی میان انسانشناسی کانت و فلسفة انتقادی او وجود دارد یا نه؟» به نظر میرسد انسانشناسی کانت، بدون اتکاء به یک اصل غایی، نمیتواند کار خود را پیش ببرد. بنابراین، بررسی مطلب فوق، ما را به این نتیجه میرساند که کانت انسانشناسی و فلسفة انتقادی را از طریق حکم تأملی به هم مرتبط میکند. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
انسانشناسی پراگماتیکی؛ طبیعت انسان؛ استعداد تکنیکی؛ استعداد پراگماتیکی؛ استعداد اخلاقی؛ حکم تأملی | ||
مراجع | ||
-کورنر، اشتفان.( 1380 )، فلسفهکانت، ترجمه عزتالله فولادوند. تهران، خوارزمی. -Cassirer, Ernest. (1981), Kant’s life and Thought. Translated by James Hayden. New Haven & London: Yale University Press. -Clark, D. (2001), “Kant’s Aliens: The Anthropology and Its Others”. CR: The New Centennial Review, 1(2). -Cohen, A. A. (2006), “Kant on Epigenesist, Monogenesis and Human Nature: The Biological Premises of Anthropology”. Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences. 37 (4). -Eze, E. C. (1995), “The color of Reason: The Idea of 'race' in Kant’s Anthropology”. In K. M. Faull (Ed.). Anthropology and the German Enlightenment: Perspectives on Humanity. London & Toronto: Associated University Press. -Frierson, p. (2003), Freedom and Anthropology in Kant’s Moral philosophy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. -Kant, I. (1885), Kant’s Introduction to Logic. Translated by T. K. Abbott. London: Longmans, Green. - ………..(1929), Critique of Pure Reason. Translated by N. Kemp Smith. London: Macmillan. -..................(1970), “Introduction to Physical Geography”. Translated by J. A. May. In J. A. May (Ed.). Kant’s Concept of Geography and Its Relation to Recent Geographical Thought. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. -…………(1983), perpetual Peace and Other Essays on Politics, History and Morals. Translated by T. Humphrey. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing. - ………… (1987), Critique of Judgment. Translated by W. S. Pluhar. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing. ملاحظاتی در انسان شناسی پراگماتیکی کانت 159 - ………… (1996), Anthropology from a Pragmatic Point of View. Translated by V. L. Dowdell. Carbondale & Edwardsville: Southern Illinois University Press. -………… (1997), Lectures on Ethics. Translated by P. heath. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. -………… (1999), Correspondence. Translated by A. Zweig. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. -………… (2001), “On the Use of Teleological Principles in Philosophy”. Translated by J. M. Mikkelsen. In R. Bernasconi (ed). Race. Oxford: Blackwell. -………… (2002), “On a Recently Prominent Tone of Superiority in Philosophy”. Translated by P. Heath. In H. Allison, & P. Heath (Eds.). Theoretical Philosophy after 1781. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. -………… (2003), On Education. Translated by A. churton. Mineola, NY: Dover Publications. -Larrimore, M. (1999), Sublime Waste: Kant on the Destiny of the Races. Canadian Journal of Philosophy, 25. -Lestition, S. O.(1985), Kant’s Philosophical Anthropology: Texts and Historical Contexts, Continuity and change. Ph. D. thesis: University of Chicago. -Louden, R. (2000), Kant’s Impure Ethics: from Rational Beings to Human Beings. New York & Oxford: Oxford University Press. -May, J. A. (1970), Kant’s Concept of Geography and Its Relation to Recent Geographical Thought. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. -Wilson, H. l. (2006), Kant’s Pragmatic Anthropology: Its Origin, Meaning, and Critical Significance. Albany: state University of New York Press. -Wood, A. (1999), Kant’s Ethical Thought. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. -Zammito, J. H. (2002), Kant, Herder, and the Birth of Anthropology. Chicago:University of Chicago Press.
-کورنر، اشتفان.( 1380 )، فلسفهکانت، ترجمه عزتالله فولادوند. تهران، خوارزمی. -Cassirer, Ernest. (1981), Kant’s life and Thought. Translated by James Hayden. New Haven & London: Yale University Press. -Clark, D. (2001), “Kant’s Aliens: The Anthropology and Its Others”. CR: The New Centennial Review, 1(2). -Cohen, A. A. (2006), “Kant on Epigenesist, Monogenesis and Human Nature: The Biological Premises of Anthropology”. Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences. 37 (4). -Eze, E. C. (1995), “The color of Reason: The Idea of 'race' in Kant’s Anthropology”. In K. M. Faull (Ed.). Anthropology and the German Enlightenment: Perspectives on Humanity. London & Toronto: Associated University Press. -Frierson, p. (2003), Freedom and Anthropology in Kant’s Moral philosophy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. -Kant, I. (1885), Kant’s Introduction to Logic. Translated by T. K. Abbott. London: Longmans, Green. - ………..(1929), Critique of Pure Reason. Translated by N. Kemp Smith. London: Macmillan. -..................(1970), “Introduction to Physical Geography”. Translated by J. A. May. In J. A. May (Ed.). Kant’s Concept of Geography and Its Relation to Recent Geographical Thought. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. -…………(1983), perpetual Peace and Other Essays on Politics, History and Morals. Translated by T. Humphrey. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing. - ………… (1987), Critique of Judgment. Translated by W. S. Pluhar. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing. ملاحظاتی در انسان شناسی پراگماتیکی کانت 159 - ………… (1996), Anthropology from a Pragmatic Point of View. Translated by V. L. Dowdell. Carbondale & Edwardsville: Southern Illinois University Press. -………… (1997), Lectures on Ethics. Translated by P. heath. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. -………… (1999), Correspondence. Translated by A. Zweig. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. -………… (2001), “On the Use of Teleological Principles in Philosophy”. Translated by J. M. Mikkelsen. In R. Bernasconi (ed). Race. Oxford: Blackwell. -………… (2002), “On a Recently Prominent Tone of Superiority in Philosophy”. Translated by P. Heath. In H. Allison, & P. Heath (Eds.). Theoretical Philosophy after 1781. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. -………… (2003), On Education. Translated by A. churton. Mineola, NY: Dover Publications. -Larrimore, M. (1999), Sublime Waste: Kant on the Destiny of the Races. Canadian Journal of Philosophy, 25. -Lestition, S. O.(1985), Kant’s Philosophical Anthropology: Texts and Historical Contexts, Continuity and change. Ph. D. thesis: University of Chicago. -Louden, R. (2000), Kant’s Impure Ethics: from Rational Beings to Human Beings. New York & Oxford: Oxford University Press. -May, J. A. (1970), Kant’s Concept of Geography and Its Relation to Recent Geographical Thought. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. -Wilson, H. l. (2006), Kant’s Pragmatic Anthropology: Its Origin, Meaning, and Critical Significance. Albany: state University of New York Press. -Wood, A. (1999), Kant’s Ethical Thought. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. -Zammito, J. H. (2002), Kant, Herder, and the Birth of Anthropology. Chicago:University of Chicago Press. | ||
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