Evaluating the Accuracy of Methods for Estimating the Coefficient of Pan to Calculate Daily Evapotranspiration in the East of Lake Urmia Basin | ||
| دانش آب و خاک | ||
| Article 7, Volume 33, Issue 4, December 2023, Pages 101-113 PDF (853.06 K) | ||
| DOI: 10.22034/ws.2022.52208.2477 | ||
| Authors | ||
| vahid Mouneskhah* 1; Saeed Samadianfard2 | ||
| 1Ph.D. student of Irrigation and Drainage, Dept. of Water Eng, Faculty of Agric., Univ. of Tabriz, Iran | ||
| 2Assoc. Prof., Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Evaluating the Accuracy of Methods for Estimating the Coefficient of Pan to Calculate Daily Evapotranspiration in the East of Lake Urmia Basin Abstract Background and Objectives: One of the first steps for optimal management of water consumption in the agricultural sector is to estimate water needs by determining evapotranspiration. There are several direct and indirect methods for estimating evapotranspiration; each one has advantages and disadvantages. Due to the importance of measuring evapotranspiration in most hydrological studies and estimating the water requirement of plants and due to the limitation of the possibility of direct measurement, there is a serious need for experimental methods to estimate evapotranspiration. In the present study, reference evapotranspiration was initially estimated at selected stations in the east of Lake Urmia. Then, experimental methods of calculating the pan coefficient were used to calculate the reference evapotranspiration using evaporation pan data considering the FAO standard method. Methodology: The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of pan coefficient estimation methods to calculate daily evapotranspiration in the east of Lake Urmia basin. There are several direct and indirect methods for estimating evapotranspiration; each one has advantages and disadvantages. The evaporation pan method has been used to estimate evapotranspiration values. For this purpose, data from Tabriz, Sarab, Maragheh, Bostanabad and Herris synoptic stations located in the east of Urmia Lake basin were used. The meteorological data utilized in the current study are minimum, average and maximum temperature, sunny hours, minimum, average and maximum relative humidity, wind speed, and evaporation from the pan. It is worth mentioning that due to the limitation of recording evaporation pan data, the present study was carried out using data for 6 months of the year (May to October) in which continuous data are available. The values of the pan coefficient were estimated using six experimental methods including Konica, Allen and Parvit, Snyder, modified Snyder, Orang and Mohammad et al. To determine the best method for estimating the pan coefficient, the evapotranspiration values obtained from the application of each method were compared with the evapotranspiration values obtained from the standard FAO-Penman-Monteith method. Furthermore, statistical meters of R, RMSE, MAE and box and violin plot diagrams were used to evaluate the obtained results. Findings: In this study, six experimental models were used to estimate the pan coefficient. Based on the obtained results, the highest range of average monthly changes of the pan coefficient is related to the Orang method. Also, considering the average monthly values obtained for the pan coefficient, the Orang method estimates the reference evapotranspiration to a considerable amount. The results showed that in Bostanabad and Harris modified Snyder method, in Sarab and Maragheh method of Mohammad et al. and in Tabriz Allen and Parvit method are the best methods for estimating pan coefficient. Also, in general, in all stations, the Orang method has the highest error in estimating pan coefficient. In order to use experimental models for estimating the pan coefficient to calculate evapotranspiration, it is necessary to determine the appropriate model for each region based on the climatic conditions. Conclusion: Due to the importance of estimating reference evapotranspiration in most hydrological studies as well as estimating the water requirement of plants, several direct and indirect methods have been developed. In the present study, six models of estimating the pan coefficient were evaluated in order to calculate the daily reference evapotranspiration using evaporation pan data. The obtained results showed that in general, the models for estimating the coefficient of the pan with acceptable accuracy can be used to calculate evapotranspiration. Meanwhile, due to the effect of climatic factors in these models, it is necessary to evaluate the efficiency of each model in different climatic conditions and determine the appropriate model for each region. For example, the results of the present study showed that the Orang method for the study area (east of Lake Urmia) does not provide suitable results and if this model is used for the east of Lake Urmia, it is necessary to calibrate the model. Also, based on the obtained results, the accuracy of other methods is close to each other. In Bostanabad and Herris, the modified Snyder method, in Sarab and Maragheh, the method of Mohammad et al., and in Tabriz, the method of Allen and Parvit, are the best methods in estimating daily reference evapotranspiration. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| East of Lake Urmia; Evapotranspiration; Experimental methods; FAO-Penman-Monteith method; Pan coefficient | ||
| References | ||
|
Akbari-Nodehi D, 2010. Estimation of evaporation pan coefficient in order to calculate evapotranspiration (Case study: Sari Synoptic Station). Journal of Research in Crop Sciences 2 (7):65-75?. (in Persian with English abstract).
Allen RG and Pruitt WO, 1991. FAO-24 reference evapotranspiration factors. Journal Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 117 (5):758–773.
Allen RG, Pereira LS, Raes D and Smith M, 1998. Crop evapotranspiration: guidelines for computing crop water requirements. FAO Irrig. and Drain. Paper No. 56. Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, Rome.
Cuenca RH, 1989. Irrigation system design: an engineering approach. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, 133P.
Grismer ME, Orang M, Snyder R and Matyac R, 2002. Pan evaporation to reference evapotranspiration conversion methods. Journal Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 128:180-184.
Gundekar HG, 2004. Evapotranspiration estimation methods and development of crop coefficients for some crops in semi- arid region. An unpublished MTech Dissertation Submitted to Marathwada Agricultural University Parbhani, Maharashtra, India.
Hosseinabadi S and Khashei-Siouki A, 2019. Presenting a new relationship between estimating the coefficient of daily evaporation pan using gene expression programming and comparing it with experimental methods to calculate evapotranspiration of the reference plant (Case study: Birjand plain). Journal of Rainwater Catchment Systems 7 (2): 57-67. (in Persian with English abstract).
Irmak S, Haman DZ and Jones JW, 2002. Evaluation of class A pan coefficients for estimating reference evapotranspiration in humid location. Journal Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 128 (3):153-159.
Kaboosi K, 2011. Estimation of evaporation pan coefficient using pan data and comparison with experimental relationships. National Conference on Meteorology and Agricultural Water Management., Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, December, University of Tehran. Iran. (in Persian with English abstract).
Kaboosi K, 2012. The investigation of error of pan evaporation data, estimation of pan evaporation coefficient by pan data and its comparison with empirical equation. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences 4 (19):1458-1465.
Majidi M, Alizadeh A, Farid-Hosseini AR and Vazifedoust M, 2014. Evaporation from lakes and dam reservoirs: energy balance estimates, evaluation of temperature radiation methods and hybrid relationships. Iranian Journal of Irrigation and Drainage 8 (3): 602-615. (in Persian with English abstract).
Mounskhah W, Samadianfard S and Hadi M, 2020. Evaluation of data mining methods and experimental models based on temperature-radiation in estimating evaporation from the pan (Case study: East of Urmia Lake). Iranian Soil and Water Research 51 (9): 2337-2348. (in Persian with English abstract).
Najafvand-Drikundi M and Islamic H, 2016. Comparison of experimental methods for estimating evaporation from free water surface (Case study: Dez regulatory dam). Two Scientific and Specialized Journals of Water Engineering. 4 (2): 65-73. (in Persian with English abstract).
Orang M, 1998. Potential accuracy of the popular non-linear regression equations for estimating pan coefficient values in the original and FAO-24 tables. Unpublished California Department of Water Resources Report, Sacramento, California, USA.
Qiyami F, Mirmasoudi SS, Tanian S and Zareabyaneh H, 2008. Evaluation and comparison of evapotranspiration estimated from evaporation pan with evapotranspiration values measured by lysimeter in Urmia region. Proceedings of the 2nd National Conference on Irrigation and Drainage Networks Management. February, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. Iran. (in Persian with English abstract).
Sabziparvar AA, Tabari H, Aeini A and Ghafouri M, 2010. Evaluation of class A pan coefficient models for estimation of reference crop evapotranspiration in cold semi-arid and warm arid climates. Water Resources Management 24:909-920.
Sharifian H and Hero B, 2006. Evaluation and comparison of evapotranspiration estimated from evaporation pan with ET0 values of standard method in Gorgan region. Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources 13 (5): 18-28. (in Persian with English abstract).
Snyder RL, 1992. Equation for evaporation pan to evapotranspiration conversions. Journal Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 1186: 977- 980.
Zare-Abyaneh H and Ismaili S, 2021. Evaluation of methods for estimating the coefficient of the pan to calculate the amount of evapotranspiration (Case study: Kurdistan province). Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research 52 (2): 329-344. (in Persian with English abstract).
| ||
|
Statistics Article View: 608 PDF Download: 389 |
||