- Bleakley A. (2015) Medical humanities and medical education: How the medical humanities can shape better doctors, New York: Routledge, pp 40-59.
- Cole TR, Carlin NS, Carson RA. (2015) Medical humanities: An introduction, Cambridge University Press.
- Elstein AS, Shulman LS, Sprafka SA. (1978) Medical Problem Solving: an Analysis of Clinical Reasoning. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
- Engel GL. (1977) "The need for new medical model: a challenge for biomedicine". Science, 196:129-36.
- Feinstein, A. (1967) Clinical Judgment, Baltimore: Williams and Wilkens.
- Feinstein, A. R., & Horwitz, R. I. (1997) "Problems in the evidence of Evidence-Based Medicine", The American Journal of Medicine, 103, 529-535.Forstram, L. A.(1977) "The scientific autonomy of clinical medicine", Journal of Medicine and Philosophy, 2, 8—19.
- Flexner, A. (1910) "Medical Education in the United States and Canada: A Report to the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching", Bulletin 4., New York City: The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching.
- Foucault, M. (1392) The Birth of the Clininc, trans. Fatemeh Valiani, Tehran: Mahi Publication. [in Persain]
- Gadamer,H.G.(1996) The Enigma of Health. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
- Goldman, L., Dennis, A, Editors (2004) Cecil’s textbook of medicine, Approach to medicine, the patient and the medical profession: medicine as learned and humane profession. Saunders, 1-10.
- Gruppen, L. D., Frohna, A. Z. (2002) "Clinical reasoning". In: Norman GR, Ven Der Vleuten CPM, Newble DI. International Handbook of Research in Medical Education. Great Britain: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
- Higgs, J.; Jones, M. (1996) Clinical Reasoning in the Health Professions. Second edition.
- Hofmann, B. (2003) "Medicine as Techne: A Perspective from Antiquity", Journal of Medicine and Philosophy, 28(4): 403–425.
- Hojat, M. (2002) "Physicain empathy: definition, components, measurement, and relationship to gender and specialty". American Journal of Psychiatry, 159(9): 1563-1580.
- Hojat, M. (2004) "An empirical study of decline in empathy in medical school". Medical Education, 38: 934-41.
- Jenicek, M. (2012) A Primer on Clinical Experience in Medicine: Reasoning, Decision Making, and Communication in Health Sciences, Taylor & Francis.
- Kemmis, S. (2012) "Phronesis, experience and the primacy of pracxis", E.A. Kinsella, A. Pitman (eds.), Phronesis as Professional Knowledge: Practical Wisdom in the Professions, 147–161.
- Mant, D. (1999) "Can randomized trials inform clinical decisions about individual patients?" Lancet, 353, 743-746.
- Marcum, J. A. (2008) An Introductory Philosophy of Medicine: Humanizing Modern Medicine. Dordrecht: Springer-Verlag.
- Monajemi, A., Namazi, H. (2020) "Medical/Health Humanities: Critical analysis of theoretical and practical foundations of medicine". Philosophy of Science, 10(20): 225-249. doi: 10.30465/ps.2021.34161.1488 [in Persian]
- Moseley, R. (1993) "Intuition in the art and science of medicine", in Corinna Delkeskamp-Hayes and Mary Ann Gardell Cutter (eds.), Science, Technology, and the Art of Medicine, Kluwer Academic Publisher 211-218.
- Munson, R. (1981) "Why medicine cannot be a science". The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy, 6: 183–208.
- Newton, N.(2001) "Rationalism and emprocosm in modern medicine", Law and Contemporary Problems, 64: 299-316.
- Norman G. (2005) "Research in clinical reasoning: past history and current trends". Medical Education, 39: 418-27.
- Panda, S. C. (2006) "Medicine: Science or Art?" Mend Sana Monograph, 4(1): 127-138.
- Pellegrino E, Thomasma D. (1981) A Philosophical Basis of Medical Practice. New York: Oxford University Press.
- Pellegrino, E. D. (1979) ‘Medicine, science, art: An old controversy revisited" Man Med, 4, 43–52.
- Sadeghzadeh, K. (1980) "Toward metamedicine" Metamedicine 1, 3–10.
- Sadeghzadeh, K. (2013) Handbook of Analytic Philosophy of Medicine, Dordrecht/ Holland: Springer.
- Schaffner, K. F. (1993) Discovery and Explanation in Biology and Medicine. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
- Schaffner, K. F., Engelhardt, H. T., Jr. (1998) "Medicine, philosophy of" Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Craig, E., ed. New York: Routledge, vol. 6: 264–269.
- Schramme, Thomas & Edwards, Steven (eds.) (2017) Handbook of the Philosophy of Medicine. Springer.
- Sober, E. (1979) "The art and science of clinical judgment: an informational approach". Evaluation and Explanation in the Biomedical Sciences, Engelhardt, H. T., Jr., Spicker, S. F., eds. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Reidel, pp. 29–44.
- Svenaeus, F. (2000) The Hermeneutics of Medicine and the Phenomenology of Health: Steps Towards a Philosophy of Medical Practice. Linkoping Studies in Arts and Sciences, Department of Health and Society, Linkoping University.
- Toulmin, S. (1993) "Knowledge and art in the practice of medicine: clinical judgment and historical reconstruction", in Corinna Delkeskamp-Hayes and Mary Ann Gardell Cutter (eds.), Science, Technology, and the Art of Medicine, Kluwer Academic Publisher 231-249.
- Wieland, W. (2002) "The character and mission of the practical sciences, as exemplified by medicine", Poiesis and Praxis, 1:123-134.
- Wieland, W. (1993) "The concept of the art of medicine", in Corinna Delkeskamp-Hayes and Mary Ann Gardell Cutter (eds.), Science, Technology, and the Art of Medicine, 165-181.
- Wolf, H. and Pederson, S. and Rosenberg, R. (1380) An Introduction to the. Philosophy of Medicine. Trans. Homayoun Moslehi. Tehran: New. Design. [in Persian]
- Worrall, John (2002) "What Evidence in Evidence‐Based Medicine?" Philosophy of Science. 69.
|
