آمار
| تعداد نشریات | 43 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 1,222 |
| تعداد مقالات | 15,019 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 50,490,325 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 13,575,744 |
Georgians in Tabriz and Rasht: a historical study on the role of Georgian militias in Iranian Constitutional Revolution | ||
| فصلنامه تاریخ نامه ایران بعد از اسلام | ||
| مقاله 6، دوره 12، شماره 27، تیر 1400، صفحه 107-129 اصل مقاله (342.39 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22034/jiiph.2021.13650 | ||
| نویسنده | ||
| محمود مقدس* | ||
| استادیار دانشگاه گیلان | ||
| چکیده | ||
| Constitutional Revolution, as a significant turning point in the history of Iran, shook Iranian society. What has been more or less neglected in examining this movement is the role of non-Iranian forces. The Caucasian, especially, the Georgians should be considered as the most passionate and self-sacrificing pro-constitutional forces who spared their lives for the victory of the Iranian movement. The question of this paper is what was the role and performance of the Georgian forces in Constitutional Revolution? The hypothesis is that, despite the persecution of the Russian Tsarist government, Georgian revolutionaries organized by parties such as Hemmat and Ejtema'iyun Amiyuun, presented in the battlefields of Tabriz and Guilan and, due to their precious experiences, played vital role in the success of the constitutionalists. On the other hand, Georgian press could form public opinion in favor of the revolution, inform about Iran's events, and create a stir among the Iranian Mojahedin by focusing on news of the events in Iran. It should not be neglected that Iranians presence in the Caucasus cities, especially Tbilisi, also helped to transfer revolutionary concepts to Iran and to fan the flames of the revolution. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| Georgia؛ Constitution؛ Iran؛ Georgians؛ Press | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
- Adamiyat, F. (1975). The Idea of Social Democracy in the Iranian Constitutional Movement. Tehran: Payam.
- Afary, J.(2006). The Iranian Constitutional Revolution. Translated by Reza Rezaei, Tehran: Boston.
- Amirkhizi, I. (1960). The Uprising of Azerbaijan and Sattar Khan. Tehran: Shafaq.
- Arfa, M. R. K. (1966). Iran yesterday; Memoirs of Princess Arfaa. Tehran: Ministry of Culture and Arts.
- Browne, E. (2018).The Persian Revolution of 1905–1909. Tehran: Kavir Publications.
- Chaqueri, C. (1998). The Armenians of Iran; The Paradoxical Role of a Minority in a Dominant Culture. Cambridge.
- Chehabi, H. & Martin, V. (2013). Iran's Constitutional Revolution. Translated by Mohammad Ebrahim Fattahi, Tehran: Ketab-e-Parseh.
- Cronin, S. (2014). Iranian-Russian Encounters: Empires and Revolutions since 1800.Routledge.
- Dehnavi, N. A. (2004). Iranian Immigrants in the Caucasus: Iranian Cultural Activities from 1900 to 1931. Tehran: Ministry of Foreign Affairs Publishing Center publications.
- Dolatabadi, Y. (1992). Yahya's Life, vol 3. Tehran: Ferdows Publications.
- Ettehadieh, M. (1982). The emergence and evolution of constitutional political parties (the first and second period of constitutionalism). Tehran: Gostareh.
- Ezam Ghodsi, H. (2000). My Memoirs or One Hundred Years of History.
- Fakhraei, E. (1977). Iran in the Constitutional Movement. Tehran: Pocketbooks.
- Fakhraei, E. (1983). Sardar-e Jangal. Tehran: Javidan Publications.
- Farahani, M. M. H. (1983). Travelogue of Mirza Mohammad Hossein Farahani. Corrected by Massoud Golzari, Tehran: Ferdowsi Publications.
- Fitzpatrick, Sh. (2015). On Stalin's Team: The Years of Living Dangerously in Soviet Politics. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
- Gocheleishvili, I. (2006). Georgian Connections of Iranian Constitutional Revolution 1905- 1911. Central Euroasia Studies, 5(1).
- Gocheleishvili, I.(2002). First Georgian Newspaper—Sakartvelos Gazeti. Perspective 4.
- Gocheleshvili, I. (2007). Georgian Sources on the Iranian Constitutional Revolution (1905-1911): Sergo Gamdlishvili's Memoirs of the Guilan Resistance. Iranian Studies,40( 1).
- Majlisi, M. B. (2007). Bihār al-nAnwār al-Jāmiʿah li-Durar khAkhbār al-ʾAʾimmah al-Athār, vol 60.Tehran: Eslamiyeh.
- Javid, S. (1964). The Iranian Constitutional Movement and the Role of Liberals. Tehran: The World.
- Kasravi, A. (2014). Constitutional History of Iran.Tehran: Negah.
- Khlevniuk, O. V. (1995). In Stalin's Shadow: The Career of "Sergo" Ordzhonikidze. Translated by Nordlander, David J., Armonk, New York: M. E. Sharpe.
- Khosropanah, M. H. (2009). The Role of Armenians in Social Democracy of Iran (1905-1911). Tehran: Shirazeh.
- Rabino, H. L. (1989). The Constitution of Guilan and the Chaos of the Apocalypse. Translated by Mohammad Roshan. Tehran: Taati Publications.
- Raein, I. (1976). Heidar Khan Amu Ughli. Tehran: Javidan Publications.
- Ra'isniya, R. (1978). Ozair and Two Revolutions. Tehran: Chapar.
- Romlu, H. B.(1996). Ahsan Al-Tawarikh. Corrected by Abdolhossein Navaei, Tehran: Babak.
- Salmasizadeh, M., Shahbazi, M. & Gholizadeh, M. (2012). The situation and political performance of Iranian immigrants in the Caucasus on the eve of constitutionalism. Journal of History of Iran after Islam, No. 4, Spring and Summer.
- Writers Group (2001). The Historical and Cultural Interactions of Iran and Georgia.Tehran: Ministry of Foreign Affairs Publishing Center.
- Yazdani, S.(2006). On the Sect of Ejtema'iyun Amiyuun. Quarterly Journal of History of Mahallat Azad University, No. 3.
- Yazdani, S. (2018). Ejtema'iyun Amiyuun. Tehran: Ney Publishing.
- Yaghikian, G.(2007). Soviet Union and the Jungle Movement. Translated by Borzoyeh Dehgan, Tehran: Akhtar.
- Habl al-Matin(1904). June 27, Year 11, no. 27.
- Habl al-Matin(1905). Septembre 4, no.3.
- Vaqaye Etefaqiyeh (1858). Octobre 14, No. 402. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 283 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 215 |
||