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اثر همزیستی با قارچ میکوریزا (Funneliformis mosseae) بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد سیاهدانه (Nigella sativa L.) و نخود (Cicer arietnium L.) در کشت مخلوط | ||
دانش کشاورزی وتولید پایدار | ||
دوره 30، شماره 4، دی 1399، صفحه 19-43 اصل مقاله (1.06 M) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22034/saps.2020.12290 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
عبدالله جوانمرد* 1؛ الهام صدر کریمی2؛ مصطفی امانی ماچیانی3؛ محمدرضا مرشدلو4؛ علی استادی3 | ||
1گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه مراغه | ||
2گروه آگرواکولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه مراغه | ||
3اکولوژی گیاهان زراعی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه مراغه | ||
4گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه مراغه | ||
چکیده | ||
اهداف: سیستمهای کشت مخلوط و کاربرد کودهای زیستی در افزایش کمیت و کیفیت محصولات نقش مهمی را ایفاء میکنند. اهداف این مطالعه، ارزیابی اثرات کاربرد قارچFunneliformis mosseae و الگوهای مختلف کشت بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد سیاهدانه در کشت مخلوط با نخود بود. مواد و روشها: آزمایش بهصورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با 10 تیمار و سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه مراغه در سال زراعی 1397 اجرا شد. فاکتور اول الگوهای مختلف کشت شامل کشت خالص نخود، کشت خالص سیاهدانه، کشت مخلوط یک ردیف نخود+ یک ردیف سیاهدانه (1:1)، یک ردیف نخود+ دو ردیف سیاهدانه (1:2) و دو ردیف نخود+ یک ردیف سیاهدانه (2:1) و فاکتور دوم شامل تلقیح و عدم تلقیح با قارچ Funneliformismosseaeدر نظر گرفته شده بودند. یافتهها: نتایج نشان داد که عملکرد دانه نخود و سیاهدانه تحت تأثیر معنیدار الگوهای مختلف کشت و قارچ میکوریزا قرار گرفتند. بیشترین میزان عملکرد دانه نخود (5/1203 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در کشت خالص بدست آمد که تفاوت معنیداری با الگوی کشت 2:1 نداشت. همچنین بیشترین عملکرد دانه سیاهدانه (3/823 کیلوگرم در هکتار) نیز در کشت خالص آن حاصل شد. کاربرد قارچ میکوریزا عملکرد دانه نخود و سیاهدانه را بهترتیب 62/24 و 59/18 درصد نسبت به عدم کاربرد قارچ افزایش داد. علاوه بر این، بیشترین میزان درصد اسانس (06/1) و عملکرد اسانس سیاهدانه (326/7 گرم در متر مربع) در الگوی کشت مخلوط یک ردیف نخود+ دو ردیف سیاهدانه حاصل شد. در همه الگوهای کشت مخلوط نسبت برابری زمین بیشتر از یک بدست آمد که بیانگر سودمندی الگوهای مختلف کشت مخلوط نسبت به کشت خالص میباشد. بیشترین مقدار نسبت برابری زمین (56/1) در الگوی کشت 1:2 با کاربرد قارچ میکوریزا بدست آمد. همچنین در همه الگوهای کشت مخلوط میزان غالبیت در نخود بیشتر از سیاهدانه بود که بیانگر توانایی رقابتی بیشتر نخود نسبت به سیاهدانه است. علاوه بر این، بیشترین مقادیر شاخصهای اکولوژیکی (نسبت معادل سطح زیر کشت و زمان، نسبت معادل سطح برداشت و کارایی استفاده از زمین) و شاخصهای اقتصادی (مجموع ارزش نسبی، سودمندی کشت، سودمندی اقتصادی کشت مخلوط و شاخص بهرهوری سیستم) در الگوهای کشت 1:2 و 2:1 با کاربرد قارچ میکوریزا حاصل شد. نتیجهگیری: به طور کلی، الگوی کشت یک ردیف نخود+ دو ردیف سیاهدانه با کاربرد قارچ میکوریزا نه تنها منجربه ایجاد تنوع در اکوسیستمهای کشاورزی و پایداری تولید میشود، بلکه در افزایش درآمد اقتصادی و بهرهوری استفاده از زمینهای کشاورزی نیز موثر است. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
سیاهدانه؛ عملکرد دانه؛ کشاورزی پایدار؛ قارچ میکوریز آربوسکولار؛ نسبت برابری زمین | ||
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