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ارزیابی مزرعه ای مقاومت نسبی (Partial resistance) نسبت به بیماری زنگ زرد در تعدادی از لاینهای منتخب گندم | ||
پژوهش های کاربردی در گیاهپزشکی | ||
دوره 9، شماره 4، بهمن 1399، صفحه 33-47 اصل مقاله (1002.78 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22034/arpp.2021.12125 | ||
نویسنده | ||
صفرعلی صفوی* | ||
بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اردبیل، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اردبیل، ایران | ||
چکیده | ||
چکیده زنگ زرد گندم با عامل Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici یکی از مهمترین و مخربترین بیماری های گندم در بسیاری از مناطق ایران به شمار می رود که در سالهای همه گیری موجب کاهش عملکرد محصول میگردد. مقاومت میزبانی، اقتصادی ترین روش مدیریت زنگ زرد است و مقاومت نسبی (نوعی مقاومت کمی) در مقایسه با دیگر مقاومتها، مقاومت پایداری گزارش شده است. در این مطالعه، پارامترهای مقاومت نسبی (partial resistance) شامل ضریب آلودگی (CI)، شدت نهائی بیماری (FDS)، مقدار نسبی سطح زیر منحنی پیشرفت بیماری (rAUDPC) و نرخ آلودگی ظاهری (r) برای 24 ژنوتیپ گندم همراه با شاهد حساس طی دو سال زراعی از 1394 تا 1395 ارزیابی شدند. این مطالعه در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی آلاروق اردبیل تحت شرایط آلودگی طبیعی و مصنوعی انجام شد. آلودگی مصنوعی ژنوتیپها با استفاده از جمعیت نژادی زنگ زرد که دارای پرآزاری روی ژنهای مقاومت Yr2، Yr6،Yr7، Yr9،Yr17، Yr22، Yr23، Yr24، Yr25، Yr26، Yr27، YrA، Yr21، Yr31، Yr32وYrSUبود، انجام شد. واکنش گیاهچه ای نیز تحت شرایط مزرعه ای ارزیابی شد. نتایج ارزیابیها برای پارامترهای مقاومت نشان داد که شش لاین در هر دو مرحله گیاهچه ای و گیاه کامل مقاوم بودند. یازده لاین در مرحله گیاهچه ای واکنش مقاومت ولی در مرحله گیاه کامل واکنش متوسط (MR, M, MS) یا حساسیت تا نیمه حساسیت (MSS) نشان دادند. هفت لاین (شماره های 1، 4، 7، 8، 9، 16، 22) در مرحله گیاهچه ای حساس ولی در مرحله گیاه کامل واکنش متوسط (MR, M, MS) نشان دادند. بنابراین این لاینها با داشتن مقادیر پایین پارامترهای مختلف مقاومت به احتمال زیاد دارای درجات متفاوتی از مقاومت نسبی یا مقاومت گیاه کامل در درجه حرارت بالا (نوعی مقاومت غیر نژاد- اختصاصی یا پایدار) می باشند. تجزیه خوشهای بر اساس واکنش گیاهچه ای و گیاه کامل، لاینها را در گروه های مختلفی قرار داد که این حالت نیز بیانگر تنوع بالای لاینها از نظر واکنش نسبت به بیماری زنگ زرد بود. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
کلمات کلیدی : گندم؛ مقاومت گیاهچه ای؛ مقاومت گیاه کامل؛ Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici | ||
مراجع | ||
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