بررسی عددی و آزمایشگاهی آبشستگی در اطراف گروه پایه کج توأم با طوق و مواد نانو رس

Aghaee-Shalmani Y and Hakimzadeh H, 2014. Experimental investigation of scour around semi conical piers under steady current action. European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering 19(6): 717-732.

Anonymous, 2013. ANSYS Fluent Users Guide. USA.

Arvanaghi H, Hosseinzadeh-Dalir A, Fakherifard A and Farsadizadeh D, 2006. Effect of side walls of the laboratory flume on scour depth around bridge piers. Journal of Agricultural Science 16(2): 1-11. (In Persian with English abstract)

Arvanaghi H, 2009. An experimental study of scour reduction around a bridge pier with rectangular collar and simulation of flow pattern around it by turbulence models. PhD Thesis. Department of Water Engineering, University of Tabriz, Iran. (In Persian with English abstract )

Arvanaghi H, Darbandi S and Abbaspour A, 2011. Investigation of the field of vortex around the bridge pier with CFD. 10^th Iranian Hydraulic Conference, 11-8, Guilan University, Rasht, Iran. (In Persian with English abstract ) 

Ataie-Ashtiani B and Aslani-Kordkandi A, 2013. Flow field around single and tandem piers. Flow, Turbulence and Combustion 90(3): 471-490.

Azam N and Ghomeishi M, 2013. Influence of sacrificial piles on scour reduction of cylindrical bridge pier. Water and Soil Science 23(3): 123-134. (In Persian with English abstract)

Bozkus Z and Çeşme M, 2010. Reduction of scouring depth by using inclined piers. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 37: 1621-1630.

Chiew YM and Melville BW, 1987. Local scour around bridge piers. Journal of Hydraulic Research 25(1): 15-26.

Esmaeili Varak M and Saadati Pacheh Kenari SS, 2016. Investigating experimentally the effect of installation of piers group on foundation on scour depth around bridge piers. Water and Soil Science 25(2): 27-39. (In Persian with English abstract)

Ghaderi A, Daneshfaraz R, Zaerkabeh R and Ashkan F, 2018. Experimental investigation of downstream erosion control of stepped spillways using microsilica-structured and nano materials. Amirkabir Journal of Civil Engineering DOI: 10.22060/ceej.2018.14919.5781. (In Persian with English abstract) 

Ghasemi E, Zahiri A, Meftah M and Dehghan AA, 2017. Controling local scouring around bridge pier using nano-structured materials. Water and Soil Science 27(3): 79-91. (In Persian with English abstract)

Ghasemi E, Zahiri A and Rahimi H, 2018. Using nanostructures to control local scour of bridge piers for steady and unsteady flows. Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering 12(2): 345-358.

Hassanzadeh Y, Hakimzadeh H and Ayari S, 2012. Study the effects of bridge pier shape on the flow pattern using the fluent software. Iran-water Resources Research 7(3): 95-105. (In Persian with English abstract)

Heidarpour M, Afzalimehr H and Izadinia E, 2010. Reduction of local scour around bridge pier groups using collars. International Journal of Sediment Research 25(4): 411-422.

Hakimzadeh H, Mehrzad R and Azari N, 2012. Experimental investigation of the effects of slotted conical shaped piers on scour process due to steady flow. Pp. 189-195. 6^th international Conference on Scour and Erosion, 27-31 August, Paris.

Hemmati M, Gholizadeh N and Dolatkhah S, 2016. Experimental investigation of the effect of diameter and placement level of lattice collars on scour reduction around bridge pier. Journal of Irrigation Sciences and Engineering 39(4): 111-122. (In Persian with English abstract)

Kumar V, Raju KGR and Vittal N, 1999. Reduction of local scour around bridge piers using slots and collars. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 125(12): 1302-1305.

Karimaee Tabarestani M and Zarrati AR, 2015. Design of riprap stone around bridge piers using empirical and Neural Network Method. Civil Engineering Infrastructures Journal 48(1): 175-188.

Melville BW, 1997. Pier and abutment scour: Integrated approach. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 123(2): 125-136.

Melville BW and Chiew YM, 1999. Time scale for local scour at bridge piers. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 125(1): 59-65.

Moncada-M AT, Aguirre-Pe J, Bolivar JC and Flores EJ, 2009. Scour protection of circular bridge piers with collars and slots. Journal of Hydraulic Research 47(1): 119-126.

Raudkivi AJ and Ettema R, 1983. Clear-water scour at cylindrical piers. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 109(3): 338-350.

Rezaie M, Ghaderi A and Daneshfaraz R, 2017. Experimental investigation of clay and nano-clay montmorillonite effect on scour reduction at downstream of screen. Irrigation and Drainage Structures Engineering Research 19(73): 1-16. (In Persian with English abstract)

Shafaei-Bejestan M, 2005. Hydraulics of Sediment Transport. Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. (In Farsi)

Zomorodian SMA, Ghaffari H and Ghasemi Z, 2017. Separated and combined effects of collar and sacrificial pile on scour reduction of bridge piers group. Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research 48(4): 879-890. (In Persian with English abstract)