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تأثیر محتوای رطوبتی خاک بر تولید رواناب و هدررفت خاک از شیارها در کرتهای آزمایشی صحرایی در دامنههای با شیب مختلف | ||
دانش آب و خاک | ||
مقاله 3، دوره 31، شماره 1، فروردین 1400، صفحه 31-43 اصل مقاله (730.9 K) | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22034/ws.2021.11635 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
علیرضا واعظی* 1؛ زهرا حقانی2 | ||
1استاد، گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان | ||
2دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان | ||
چکیده | ||
محتوای رطوبتی خاک، عامل فیزیکی مهمی در اغلب فرآیندها مانند نفوذپذیری و فرسایش خاک است. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی تأثیر محتوای رطوبتی خاک بر رواناب و کنده شدن خاک از شیارهادر دامنههای با خاکهای درشتدانه در منطقه نیمهخشک انجام شد. برای این منظور جویچههای کشت با طول 6 متر در پنج کشتزار با شیبهای متفاوت (1/6، 6/10، 8/14، 7/20 و1/ 27 درصد) با چهار سطح رطوبتی شامل هواخشک (AD)، بین ظرفیت مزرعه و هواخشک (FC-AD)، ظرفیت مزرعه (FC) و رطوبت اشباع (SP) در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی در سه تکرار احداث شدند. برای بررسی هدررفت خاک در دامنهها از جریانی با دبی ثابت 2 لیتر بر دقیقه استفاده شد. خاک دامنهها دارای بافت درشت (با 56 تا 75 درصد شن) و سنگی (از 22 تا 57 درصد)، با ساختمان ضعیف و نفوذپذیری زیاد بودند. نتایج نشان داد که در دامنههای با شیب 1/6، 8/14 و 7/20 درصد با افزایش رطوبت خاک، هدررفت خاک کاهش مییابد. بیشترین مقدار هدررفت خاک (گرم بر مترمربع در ثانیه) بهترتیب در رطوبتهای FC-AD (01/0)، AD (306/0) و AD (0045/0) مشاهده شد. با افزایش محتوای آب خاک، پیوستگی توده خاک افزایش یافت و بخش عمده رواناب بهصورت زیرسطحی در شیارها جاری شد و در نتیجه رواناب سطحی و انتقال ذرات در شیارها کاهش یافت. این پژوهش نشان داد که در دامنههای با بافت درشتدانه با افزایش محتوای رطوبتی خاک، هدررفت خاک بهشدت کاهش مییابد. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
بافت خاک؛ رطوبت اشباع؛ ساختمان خاک؛ سنگریزه؛ نفوذپذیری خاک | ||
مراجع | ||
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