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What We Owe to NietzscheHope, Pessimism, and the Tragic-Art of the Greeks | ||
| مجله پژوهش های فلسفی | ||
| مقاله 10، دوره 14، شماره 32، آذر 1399، صفحه 117-133 اصل مقاله (618.75 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله علمی- پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22034/jpiut.2020.38508.2513 | ||
| نویسنده | ||
| James Magrini* | ||
| Adjunct professor western philosophy and ethics, college of Dupage, Glen Ellyn IL US | ||
| چکیده | ||
| to explore his Nietzsche's early and later response to nihilism and pessimism focused on reading I. This essay is focused on Nietzsche’s unique reading of the Pandora myth as it appears in Human, All Too Human and develops an interpretation of Hope, the most profound evil of the many evils released by Pandora infecting the human condition, as it might be understood in relation to Nietzsche’s analysis of the ancient Greeks in The Birth of Tragedy. In reading this early work of Nietzsche, modes of comportment that fall under two specific categories are considered: Passive Nihilism-Pessimism of Decline and Active Nihilism-Pessimism of Strength as understood by Nietzsche in the late compilation of his notes published as The Will to Power. Ultimately, this essay explores the artistic responses to the bleak and pessimistic conditions of the Greeks’ lives found in the Apolline art in the Homeric Greeks and the tragic-art of the Greeks, which Nietzsche argues is the ultimate expression of art as the merging of the “aesthetic” principles of the Apolline and Dionysiac. These aesthetic responses are elucidated in and through the comparison to modes of existence that impede the spirit’s optimal, flourishing development, specifically, as expressed through Christianity and “Socratic optimism” in the superior power of human reason. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| Nietzsche؛ Greek tragedy؛ Greek mythology؛ Pessimism؛ Nihilism؛ Secular human transcendence | ||
| مراجع | ||
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- Aristotle (1998) Nicomachean Ethics, trans., D. P. Chase. New York: Dover Books. - Camus, A. (1991) The Rebel, trans., A. Bower. New York: Vintage Books. - Gray, J. (2003) Straw Dogs. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux. - Gueber, H. A. (1955) The Myths of the Greeks and Romans. New York: Dover Press. - Hesiod (1995) Theogony/Works and Days, trans., M. L. West. New York: Oxford University Press. - Heidegger, M. (2015) Holderlin’s Hymns Germania and der Rhine, trans., W. McNeill. - Bloomington: Indiana University Press. - Homer (1937) The Odyssey, trans., W. H. D. Rouse. New York: Mentor. - Nietzsche, F. (1996) Human, All Too Human, trans., M. Faber. Lincoln: Bison Books. - Nietzsche, F. (1993) The Birth of Tragedy out of the Spirit of Music., trans.,S. Whiteside. London: Penguin Books. - Nietzsche, F. (1992) Ecce Homo, trans., R. J. Hollingdale. UK: Penguin Books. - Nietzsche, F. (1990) Twilight of the Idols/The Anti-Christ, trans., R. J. Hollingdale. London: Penguin Books. - Nietzsche, F. (1974) Gay Science, trans., W. Kaufmann. New York: Vintage Books. - Nietzsche, F. (1967) Will to Power, trans., W. Kaufmann & R. J. Hollingdale. New York: Vintage Books. - Nussbaum, N. (1990) Love’s Knowledge. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Vernant, J-P. (1995) The Greeks. trans., C. Lambert and T. L. Fagan. Chicago: University of Chicago Press | ||
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