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Plantinga on Divine Foreknowledge and Free Will | ||
| مجله پژوهش های فلسفی | ||
| مقاله 17، دوره 13، شماره 28، 1398، صفحه 247-261 اصل مقاله (529.37 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله علمی- پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22034/jpiut.2019.34041.2344 | ||
| نویسنده | ||
| عبدالرزاق حسامی فر* | ||
| دانشیار گروه فلسفه، دانشگاه بین المللی امام خمینی (ره) | ||
| چکیده | ||
| In each one of the well-known Abrahamic religions, notably Islam, Christianity and Judaism, there are two important doctrines which seem to be inconsistent, but nonetheless some religious philosophers like Plantinga try to show that there is no conflict between them. The first doctrine is that God is Omniscient and He has foreknowledge of all that will happen in the future and thus all human actions are determined in His knowledge. The second doctrine is that human beings have free will and they are responsible for all of their voluntary actions. The problem is that if all future actions of a person are determined in divine knowledge, it is impossible for him to change his future and so he is not free. This article will assess some of the solutions given to the problem and it will focus on Plantinga's solution to the problem and then it will unravel some defects of his solution. At the end of this article, a new solution to the problem will be given, in which the free will of human being is confirmed while the nature of divine knowledge is regarded ambiguous to the extent that its changeability or unchangeability is left unknown. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| foreknowledge؛ free will؛ determinism؛ inconsistency؛ providence؛ divine knowledge | ||
| مراجع | ||
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- Barnhart, J. E. (1977). Theodicy and the Free Will Defense: Response to Plantinga and Flew, Religious Studies, 13(4), 439-453. - Basinger, David (1982). Plantinga’s Free-Will Defense as a challenge to Orthodox Theism, American Journal of Theology and Philosophy, 3(2), 35-41. - Dore, Clement (1971). Plantinga on the Free Will Defense, The Review of Metaphysics, 24(4), 690-706. - Flew, Anthony (1955). Divine Omnipotence of Human Freedom. In A. Flew and A. MacIntyre (Ed.), New Essays in Philosophical Theology, New York, USA: Macmillan. - Flint, Thomas P. (2009). Two Account of Providence. In Michael Rea (Ed.), Oxford Readings in Philosophical Theology: Vol. 12: Providence, Scripture and Resurrection (pp. 17-44). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. - Hunt, David P. (2009). Divine Providence and Simple Foreknowledge. In Michael Rea (Ed.) Oxford Readings in Philosophical Theology: Vol. 12: Providence, Scripture and Resurrection (pp. 84-103) Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. - Mackie, T. L. (1955). Evil and Omnipotence Mind, 64, 254, 200-212. - Meister, Chad (2008). The Philosophy of Religion Reader, New York and Abingdon, USA and UK: Routledge. - Perszyk, Kenneth J. (1998). Free Will Defense with and without Molinism, International Journal for Philosophy of Religion, 43(1), 29-64. - Pike, Nelson (1965). Divine Omniscience and Voluntary Action, The Philosophical Review, 74(1), 26-46. - Pike, Nelson (1979). Plantinga on Free Will and Evil, Religious Studies, 15(4), 449-473. - Plantinga, Alvin (1967). God and Other Minds: A Study of the Rational Justification of Belief in God, Ithaca, USA: Cornel University Press. - Plantinga, Alvin (1977). God, Freedom and Evil, Michigan, USA: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co, Reprinted 2002. - Plantinga, Alvin (1987). On Ockham’s Way Out. In V. Morris (Ed.), The Concept of God (pp. 171-200). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. - Plantinga, Alvin (2008). A Free Will Defence. In Chad Meister (Ed.), The Philosophy of Religion Reader (pp.550-563). London and New York, USA and UK: Routledge. - Rea Michael (Ed.)(2009). Oxford Readings in Philosophical Theology: Vol. 12: Providence, Scripture and Resurrection, Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. - Taylor, Richard (1983). Metaphysics (3rd ed.), Englewood Cliffs, USA: Prentice-Hall. - Tooley, Michael (2008). Does God Exist? In Alvin Plantinga and Michael Tooley, Knowledge of God (pp. 70-150). Oxford and Cambridge, UK: Blackwell.
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