آمار
| تعداد نشریات | 45 |
| تعداد شمارهها | 1,501 |
| تعداد مقالات | 18,364 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 59,552,802 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 20,827,354 |
An Argument in Defense of Voluntary Euthanasia | ||
| مجله پژوهش های فلسفی | ||
| مقاله 15، دوره 13، شماره 28، 1398، صفحه 221-234 اصل مقاله (487.27 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله علمی- پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22034/jpiut.2019.8031 | ||
| نویسنده | ||
| حسین اترک* | ||
| دانشیار گروه فلسفه، دانشگاه زنجان | ||
| چکیده | ||
| One of the most challenging issues in medical ethics is a permission or prohibition of euthanasia. Is a patient with an incurable disease who has lots of pain permitted to kill oneself or ask others to do that? The main reason advanced by the opponents is the absolute prohibition of murder. Accordingly, the meaning of murder plays a key role in determining the moral judgment of euthanasia. The aim of this paper is to confirm the role of intention in moral judgment of euthanasia and eliminate the name of unjust murder from voluntary euthanasia. The Intention of an agent determines the name of the act and whether it is right or wrong. An important point that dose not taken into account in the definitions of murder, killing as well as their ethical judgment is considering the attributes of being unjust and forcible. Killing a human being is neither intrinsically good nor bad, but its ethical judgment depends on the way that happens, i.e. just or unjust. Every killing is neither bad nor unethical except unjust one which is both bad and unethical. The attribute of “unjust” has been mentioned in the definition of murder in Islamic jurisprudence, law, traditions, and Quran. Owing to this argument, on one hand, it is true to state that voluntary euthanasia is not unjust and forcible murder (the test of correct negation), and on the other hand, it is not true to say that voluntary euthanasia is unjust and forcible murder (the test of incorrect predication). It can be concluded that voluntary euthanasia is an independent title other than unjust murder and does not have its judgment. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| Voluntary Euthanasia؛ Just Killing؛ Unjust Murder؛ Justice | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
- The Holy Quran (2005). A New translation by M. A. S. Abdel Haleem, Oxford University press. - The Holy Quran (n. d.), translated by Mohammad Habib Shakir. - Aristotle (2004), Nicomachean Ethics, translated and edited by Roger Crisp, Cambridge University press. - Curtis, Howard J. (1910) “Malice Aforethought, in Definition of Murder”. The Yale Law Journal Vol. 19, No. 8 (Jun.), pp. 639-646. - Erickson, Millard J., Bowers, Ines E. (1976). "Euthanasia and Christian Ethics". Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society, Vol. 19: 1. - Fazel Ābi, Hasan Ibn Abitalib Yusefi (1417 A.H.). Kashf-u Al-Rumuz fi Sharh-I Mukhtasar-I Al-Nafi’. Qom, Iran: Daftar intesharat Islami, third published. - Keedy, Edwin R. (1950). “A Problem of First Degree Murder: Fisher v. United States”. university of Pennsylvania Law Review, Vol. 99, No. 3 (Dec., 1950), pp. 267-292. - Keown, John (2002). Euthanasia, Ethics and Public Policy, Cambridge University Press. - Khorasani, Muhammad Kazem (1415 A.H.). Kifayat-u Al-Usul. Qom: Al-Nashr-I Al-Islami, third published. - Kuliyni, Muhammad Ibn Yaqub (1407 A.H.). Al-Kafi. Tehran: Dar-u Al-Kutub AIslamiyyah, Forth published. - Legenhausen, Muhammad (2015). “Religious Ethics and Moral Realism”. In Revelatory Ethics, Fourth Year, Volume 9, autumn & winter, pp. 13-38. - Longman Advanced American Dictionary. Pearson Education ESL; Fifth edition, 2009. - Merriam-Webster. Available at: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/murder (accessed on 21 Sep. 2019). - Muhaqiq Damad, Seyyed Mustafa (1382 S.H.). Mabahethi az Usul Fiqh. Tehran: Markaze Nashr Islami. - Muhaqiq Hillī, Abu Jafar Muhammad Ibn Y’aqub (1408 A.H.). Sharayi’-u Al-Islam fi Masā‘lul-Halāl wa al-Harām. Tashih: ’Abd-ul Husein Muhammad Ali Baqqal, Qom: Iran, Isma’ilian Institue, second publication. - Najafi, Muhammad Hasa ibn Baqir (n.d.). Jawahir-u Al-Kalam fi Sharh-i Sharayi-u Al-Islam. Musahih: Sheykh Abbas Quchani. Beirut: Dar-u Ihyah-I Al-Turath Al-Arabi, Seven edition. - Nakaya, Andrea C. (2015). Thinking critically: Euthanasia. Reference Point Press. - Nuri, Mirza Husain (1408 A.H.). Mustadrik-u Al-Wasail wa Mustanbit-u Al-Masail. Beyrut: Muassese Al Al-Beyt. - Paterson, Craig (2008). Assisted suicide and euthanasia: a natural law ethics approach. Burlington, USA: Ashgate Publishing Company. - Shahid Thani, Ziyn-u Al-Din Ibn Ali Ibn Ahmad Amili (1410 A.H.). Al-Ruzat-u Al-Bahiyyah fi Sharh-I Al-Lumat-u Al-Damishqiyyah. Qom, Iran: Dawari’s Book Story, First published. - Tabatabaei, Muhammad Husain (1417 A.H.). Al-Mizan fi Tafsir Al-Quran. Qom: Mktabat-u Al-Nashr-I Al-Islami, fifth published. - The American Heritage Dictionary of the English language. Available at: https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=murder (accessed on 21 Sep. 2019). - Tooley, Michael (2005). “In Defense of Voluntary Active Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide” in Contemporary Debates in Applied Ethics, ed. Andrew I. Cohen and Christopher Heath Wellman. Blackwell Publishing. - Yount, Lisa (2007). Right to Die and Euthanasia, Revised Edition, New York: Facts on File. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 2,851 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 895 |
||