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زیست شناسی سرخرطومی طبق خارلته Rhinocyllus conicus Fröl. 1792 (Col.: Curculionidae) عامل مهار زیستی علف هرز خارلته Cirsium vulgare (Savi.) Ten. (Asteraceae) در منطقه ی ارومیه | ||
| پژوهش های کاربردی در گیاهپزشکی | ||
| مقاله 7، دوره 7، شماره 2، تابستان 1397، صفحه 79-94 اصل مقاله (801 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
یونس کریم پور  1؛ سمیرا آروین2
| ||
| 1دانشیار گروه گیاه پزشکی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه ارومیه. | ||
| 2دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد حشره‌شناسی کشاورزی، گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| چکیده علف هرز خارلته،Cirsium vulgare (Savi.) Ten. 1835 ، گیاهی است دو ساله که باعث بروزمشکلات جدی در مراتع و مزارع میشود. در این پژوهش، زیستشناسی سرخرطومی طبق خارلتهRhincyllus conicus Fröl, ، به عنوان یک عامل مهار زیستی این علفهرز، در منطقهی ارومیه مطالعه شد. نتایج نشان داد که این سرخرطومی دارای یک نسل در سال بوده و به صورت حشرهی کامل زمستانگذرانی میکند. حشرات کامل در اوایل خرداد ماه از پناهگاه زمستانه خارج و ضمن استقرار روی گیاه میزبان و جفتگیری متناوب، از برگ و ساقههای نرم آن تغذیه میکنند. مادههای بارور، تخمهای خود را به صورت انفرادی در زیر طبق و در حفرهای که خود آن را ایجاد میکنند، قرار میدهند. دورهی رشد و نمو جنینی در شرایط طبیعی پنج تا هشت روز طول میکشد. لاروها بعد از خروج از تخم، وارد طبق شده و تا شش عدد لارو در درون طبقهای بزرگتر میتوانند رشد کنند. رشد و نمو لاروی در شرایط طبیعی 5±27 روز طول میکشد. لاروها ضمن رشد و نمو، از بافتهای درونی طبق و بذور آنها تغذیه کرده و باعث از بین رفتن و یا تخریب بذرهای درون طبق میشوند. لاروهای کامل یک حجره شفیرگی تخم مرغی شکل تیره رنگ در طبق درست کرده و درون آن تبدیل به شفیره میشوند. دوره شفیرگی در 14-9 روز کامل شده و اولین حشرات کامل نسل جدید از اواسط تیرماه ظاهر، و با ترک طبق، مکان مناسبی را برای زمستانگذرانی جستجو میکنند. حشرات زمستانگذران در اوایل خرداد ماه سال بعد، از مکانهای زمستانگذرانی خود خارج میشوند. لاروهای این سرخرطومی توسط دو گونه از زنبورهای پارازیتوئید به نامهای Baryscapus crssicornis (Hym.: Eulophidae) و Bracon armeniacus (Hym.: Braconidae) پارازیته میشوند. زنبور B. armeniacus برای اولین بار از ایران گزارش میشود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| واژههای کلیدی: زیستشناسی؛ Rhinocyllus conicus؛ مهار زیستی؛ Cirsium vulgare | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Biology of Bull Thistle Seed Head Weevil, Rhinocyllus conicus Fröl. 1792 (Col.: Curculionidae) as a Biocontrol Agent of Bull Thistle Cirsium vulgare (Savi.) Ten. (Asteraceae) in Urmia Region. | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| yunis karimpour1؛ samira arvyan2 | ||
| 1Associate Professor, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University. | ||
| 2Former MSc. Student of Agricultural Entomology, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Abstract Bull thistle Cirsium vulgare (Savi.) Ten. 1835 (Asteraceae) is a biennial weed that causes serious problem in grassland and cultivated areas. The biology of bull thistle seedhead weevil, Rhinocyllus conicus as a biocontrol agent of C. vulgare were studied in Urmia region. The results showed that, the R. conicus has a single generation per year and overwinter as adult. Adults emerge from hibernation at the end of May. They establish on host plant and feed on the leaves and soft stems of them. Adults mate from time to time throughout their life span. Then, fertilized females lay eggs below the capitula. Eggs are laid singly into a hole bored by female. The incubation period was 5-8 days in natural conditions. Upon hatching, the young larvae penetrate into the seedhead where they feed on receptacle tissue and developing seeds. Up to 6 larvae can develop in larger capitula. Larval development in natural conditions takes 27±5 days. Once larvae are mature, they consume and destroy the seedhead. Mature larvae make an egg shape and black color pupal cell in capitula and then pupate. The pupa completes its development in 9-14 days. Emergences of new adults begin in early July, then leave the capitula and search for suitable overwintering site. They reemerge in May of following year. The larvae of R. conicus were parasitized by two species of parasitic wasps namely, Baryscapus crassicornis (Hym.: Eulophidae) and Bracon armeniacus (Hym.: Braconidae). The species B. armeniacus is newly recorded from Iran. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Keywords: Biology, Biological control, Cirsium vulgare, Rhinocyllus conicus | ||
| مراجع | ||
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