آمار
| تعداد نشریات | 31 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 677 |
| تعداد مقالات | 7,111 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 9,023,801 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 8,334,174 |
بررسی وقوع فرارفت در طول فصل رشد گیاهان زراعی بهاره و پاییزه در منطقه کرکج تبریز | ||
| دانش آب و خاک | ||
| مقاله 8، دوره 27، شماره 4، زمستان 1396، صفحه 65-77 اصل مقاله (1537 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| ابوافضل مجنونی هریس* 1؛ علی اشرف صدرالدینی2؛ امیر حسین ناظمی2؛ رضا دلیر حسن نیا2 | ||
| 1دانشیار دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز | ||
| 2استاد دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز | ||
| چکیده | ||
| بهدلیل وجود فرارفت گرمایی، توازن انرژی در مزارع پوشیده از گیاه بههم ریخته و مقداری انرژی اضافی از طریق جریان گرما از اراضی بدون پوشش گیاهی به طرف سطوح پوشیده گیاهی جریان مییابد و باعث افزایش تبخیر- تعرق میگردد. مطالعه حاضر برای بررسی وقوع پدیده فرارفت گرمایی در مزرعه ذرت بهعنوان یک گیاه کشت بهاره و گندم زمستانه بهعنوان کشت پاییزه در ایستگاه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تبریز انجام شده است. گیاهان زراعی فوق در داخل لایسیمتر مستقر در وسط مزرعه 6/1 هکتاری کشت گردید و تبخیر- تعرق آنها در طول فصل رشد اندازهگیری شد. برای بررسی وقوع فرارفت گرمایی از روشهایی نظیر بیلان انرژی در سطح مزرعه، تعیین ضریب پریستلی- تیلور، نسبت مقدار تبخیر-تعرق حاصل از فرارفت به تبخیر- تعرق از سطوح پوشش گیاهی (Rad) و نسبت باون در روزهای مختلف پس از کاشت استفاده شد. نتایج اندازهگیری دمای هوا نشان داد که بین مزرعه لایسیمتر و نواحی اطراف گرادیان دمای محسوسی برقرار است. مقادیر منفی جریان گرمای محسوس، نسبت باون و Radدر برخی از روزهای فصل رشد گیاهان مورد بررسی نشان داد که انرژی اضافی حاصل از فرارفت بر تبخیر- تعرق گیاهان مؤثر بوده است. نتایج نشان داد که تأثیر فرارفت بر تبخیر- تعرق گیاه ذرت بیشتر از گندم میباشد. در منطقه مورد مطالعه بهجز فرارفت منطقهای، بهدلیل کوچک بودن قطعات زیرکشت، متفاوت بودن زمانهای آبیاری مزارع مجاور و آیش بعضی از قطعات، فرارفت محلی نیز میتواند بهوقوع بپیوندد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| بیلان انرژی؛ تبخیر- تعرق؛ تبریز؛ فرارفت؛ ذرت؛ گندم | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Investigation of Advection Occurrence in the Spring and Fall Crops Growing Season in Karkaj region, Tabriz | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| A Majnooni heris1؛ AA sadraddini2؛ AH nazemi2؛ R delir hassannia2 | ||
| 1Assoc. Prof, Dept. of Water Engineering, Univ. of Tabriz, Iran | ||
| 2Prof, Dept. of Water Engineering, Univ. of Tabriz, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Due to advection phenomenon, energy balance in vegetation covered fields' changes and some additional energy is transferred from the barren lands to vegetation covered sites by air sensible heat flux. This phenomenon increases the evapotranspiration. The present study was conducted to investigate the advection occurrence in the field of maize as a spring crop, and winter wheat as a fall crop at the Agriculture Faculty Research Station of Tabriz University. Mentioned crops for were planted in a 1.6 hectares’ farm, equipped with a lysimeter at its middle, for two years. These crops' evapotranspiration was measured by the lysimeter during the growing season of each plant. The advection phenomenon occurrence was investigated using the methods of energy balance in the field surface, Priestly-Taylor coefficient, the ratio of evapotranspiration obtained from advection energy to vegetation surface evapotranspiration (Rad) and Bowen's ratio () on different days after planting of each crop. Observation data of the temperature showed that there was a sensible heat gradient between the lysimeter and surrounding areas. Negative values of the sensible heat flux, Rad and Bowen ratio on some days of plants growing season showed that the advection extra energy had affected the crops evapotranspiration values. Results showed that the advection effect on maize evapotranspiration was more than that on wheat evapotranspiration. In the study region except of regional advection, local advection could be occurred due to small size of cropped fields, different irrigation schedule and depth of adjacent farms, and fallow duration of some farms. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Advection, Energy Balance, Evapotranspiration, Maize, Tabriz, Wheat | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Alizadeh A, 2007. Soil, Water and Plant Relationship. Astane Qods Razavi Publisher. 450 pag. Allen RG, Pereria LS, Raes D and Smith M, 1998. Crop evapotranspiration: Guidelines for Computing Crop Water Requirements. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper No. 56. Rome, Italy. Anthoni P, Law BE, Unsworth MJ and Vong RJ, 2000. Variation in net radiation over heterogeneous surfaces: measurements and simulations in a juniper-sagebrush ecosystem. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 102: 275–286. Brakke TW, Verma SB and Rosenberg NJ, 1978. Local and regional components of sensible heat advection. Journal of Applied Meteorology 17: 955-963. Collier P and Alioso A, 1993. A simple system for automated long-term Bowen ratio measurements: Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 66(1): 88-91. Diaz-Espejo A, Verhoef A and Knight R, 2005. Illustration of micro-scale advection using grid-pattern mini-lysimeters. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 129: 39-52. Dugas WA, Fritschem LJ, Gay LW, Held AA, Mtthias AD, Reicosky DC, Steduto P and Steiner JL. 1991. Bowen ratio, eddy correlation, and portable chamber measurements of sensible and latent heat flux over irrigated spring wheat. Agricultural and Forestry Meteorology 56: 1-20. Ebrahimi Pak NA, 1993. Estimating evapotranspiration of crops and determining the water requirement of winter wheat using Lysimeter. M.Sc. Thesis, Agriculture Faculty, University of Tabriz. Flint AL and Childs SW, 1991. Use of the Priestley–Taylor evaporation equation for soil water limited conditions in a small forest clearcut. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 56: 247-260. Howell TA, Steiner JL, Schneider AD, Evett SR and Tolk JA, 1997. Seasonal and maximum daily evapotranspiration of irrigated winter wheat, sorghum, and corn- southern high plain. Transactions of ASAE 40: 623-634. Jury WA and Tanner CB, 1975. Advection modification of the Priestley and Taylor evapotranspiration formula. Agronomy Journal 67: 840–842. Lang ARG, Evans GN and Ho PY, 1974. The influence of local advection on evapotranspiration from irrigated rice in a semiarid region. Agricultural Meteorology 13: 5–13. Lee X, Yu Q, Sun XM, Liu JD, Min QW, Liu YF and Zhang XZ, 2004. Micrometeorological flux under the influence of regional and local advection: a revisit. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 122: 111–124. Li L and Yu Q. 2007. Quantifying the effects of advection on canopy energy budgets and water use efficiency in an irrigated wheat field in the North China Plain. Agricultural and Water Management 89: 116 – 122. Majnooni Heris A, Nazemi AH, Sadraddini AA, Neyshaburi MR and Shakiba MR, 2013. Influence of Advection on Energy Balance in Canola Crop Evapotranspiration Process in Tabriz Region. Water and Soil Science-University of Tabriz 23(1):223-236. Majnooni Heris A, Zand Parsa Sh, Sepaskhah AR and Kamkar Haghighi AA, 2007. Evaluation of MSM model for prediction of potential evapotranspiration of maize in comparison with FAO. Journal of Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources 11 (41): 29-41. Malek E and Bingham GE, 1993. Comparison of the Bowen Ratio energy balance and the water balance method for the measurement of evapotranspiration. Journal of Hydrology 146: 209-220. McNaughton KG and Jarvis PG, 1983. Predicting effects of vegetation changes on transpiration and evaporation. Pp. 1–42. Eater deficits and Plant Growth, vol. VII. Academic Press, London. McNaughton KG, 1976. Evaporation and advection. II. Evaporation downwind of a boundary separating regions having different surface resistances and available energies. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 102: 193–202. Monteith JL, 1965. Evaporation and Environment. In: The state and movement of water in living organism. 19th Symposium of the Society for Experimental Biology 205-234. Pereira AR and Nova NAV, 1992. Analysis of the Priestley–Taylor parameter. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 61: 1–9. Pereira AR, 2004. The Priestley–Taylor parameter and the decoupling factor for estimating reference evapotranspiration. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 125: 305–313. Priestley CHB and Taylor RJ, 1972. On the assessment of surface heat flux and evaporation using large-scale parameters. Monthly Weather Reviews 100: 81–92. Raupach MR, 1991. Vegetation-atmosphere interaction in homogeneous and heterogeneous terrain: some implications of mixed-layer dynamics. Vegetatio 91: 105–120. Rosenberg NJ, 1969. Advection of energy utilized in evapotranspiration by alfalfa in the east-central Great Plains. Agricultural Meteorology 6: 179–184. Rosenberg NJ, Blad BL and Verma SB, 1983. Microclimate. The Biological Environment (2nd edition). John Wiley, New York. Sadraddini AA, Nazemi AH, Majnooni-Heris A, 2013. Quantifying the effects of advection phenomenon on canola evapotranspiration in east Azerbaijan region, Iran. The Journal of EGE University Faculty of Agriculture, Special Issue 1: 139-144. Shahrokhnia M, Sepaskhah A, 2013. Single and dual crop coefficients and crop evapotranspiration for wheat and maize in a semi-arid region. Theoretical and Applied Climatology 114: 495-510. Smith DM, Jarvis PG and Odongo JCW, 1997. Energy budgets of windbreak canopies in the Sahel. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 86: 33–49. Stannard DI, 1993. Comparison of Penman–Monteith, Shuttle worth–Wallace, and modified Priestley–Taylor evapotranspiration models for wild land vegetation in semiarid rangeland. Water Resources Research 29: 1379–1392. Sumnera DM and Jacobsb JM, 2005. Utility of Penman–Monteith, Priestley–Taylor, reference evapotranspiration, and pan evaporation methods to estimate pasture evapotranspiration. Journal of Hydrology 308: 81–104. Szilagyi J, Hobbins MT and Jozsa J, 2009. Modified advection-aridity model of evapotranspiration. Journal of Hydrologic Engineering 14(6): 569-574. Yu Q, Zhang YQ, Liu YF and Shi PL, 2004. Simulation of stomata conductance of winter wheat in response to light, temperature and CO2 changes. Annals of Botany 93: 435–441. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 170 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 201 |
||
