| تعداد نشریات | 45 |
| تعداد شمارهها | 1,561 |
| تعداد مقالات | 19,063 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 65,309,572 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 23,868,465 |
اثر متقابل کمآبیاری و کاربرد سیلیسیم بر اجزای عملکرد، کارایی مصرف آب و تجمع زیستی بور و سدیم در دانه گندم | ||
| دانش خاک و گیاه | ||
| مقاله 5، دوره 36، شماره 3، مهر 1405، صفحه 75-95 اصل مقاله (1.28 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22034/sps.2026.73256.1052 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| جهانشاه صالح* 1؛ اکبر سلیمان زاده1؛ حسن حقیقت نیا2؛ امیر نیک اختر1 | ||
| 1بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان هرمزگان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، بندرعباس، ایران. | ||
| 2بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان فارس، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، داراب، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| خشکی یکی از مهمترین تنشهای محیطی است که میتواند بر عملکرد گندم (Triticum aestivum L.) و کیفیت آن که مهمترین گیاه تیره غلات و غذای غالب مردم است، تأثیرگذار باشد. بنابراین، معرفی راهکارهای کاهش اثرهای منفی خشکی بر عملکرد و کیفیت گندم، گام بزرگی در مسیر تولید پایدار و امنیت غذایی خواهد بود. یکی از راهکارهای تعدیل اثرهای تنش خشکی بر گندم، مصرف عنصرهایی نظیر پتاسیم، روی و سیلیسیم است. بنابراین، پژوهش حاضر با هدف ارزیابی تأثیر پتاسیم سیلیکات بر اجزای عملکرد، کارایی مصرف آب و تجمع زیستی بور و سدیم در دانه گندم رقم چمران در شرایط تنش خشکی، بهصورت اسپلیت پلات در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با 12 تیمار و 3 تکرار طی دو سال در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی حاجیآباد هرمزگان اجرا شد. فاکتورهای آزمایش شامل آبیاری در دو سطح (60 و 100 درصد نیاز آبی)، مصرف خاکی پتاسیم سیلیکات در دو سطح (صفر و 20 کیلوگرم بر هکتار) و محلولپاشی پتاسیم سیلیکات در سه سطح (صفر، 2.5 و 5 کیلوگرم بر هکتار) بودند. آبیاری بهصورت قطرهای نواری انجام شد. عنصرهای غذایی موردِ نیاز گندم بر اساس تجزیه خاک به صورت یکسان در همه تیمارها مصرف شدند. نتایج نشان داد که اعمال تنش کمآبی (60 درصد نیاز آبی) از یک سو باعث کاهش عملکرد دانه، محصول زیستتوده و وزن هزار دانه گندم و افزایش کارایی مصرف آب و تشدید انتقال سدیم و بور به دانه گندم شد. در هر دو شرایط تنش کمآبی و آبیاری مطلوب، مصرف پتاسیم سیلیکات موجب بهبود اجزای عملکرد و کارایی مصرف آب شد. همچنین، مصرف پتاسیم سیلیکات باعث کاهش فاکتور تجمع زیستی سدیم و بور در دانه گندم شد و اثر مصرف خاکی آن بیشتر از محلولپاشی بود. بنابراین، هم در شرایط کمآبی و هم در آبیاری نرمال، مصرف خاکی 20 کیلوگرم پتاسیم سیلیکات در هکتار برای گیاه گندم توصیه میشود. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| تغذیه گیاه؛ تنش خشکی؛ فاکتور انتقال؛ محلولپاشی؛ مصرف خاکی | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Abdi, M., Sharifan, H., Jafari, H., & Ghorbani, K. (2022). Determination of wheat stress index (CWSI) in Karaj for use in irrigation scheduling. Journal of Water and Soil Science, 26(2), 223-233. (In Persian with English abstract). http://dx.doi.org/10.47176/jwss.26.2.45031 Abdo, R.A., Hazem, M.M., El-Assar, A.E.M., Saudy, H.S., & El-Sayed, S.M. (2024). Efficacy of nano-silicon extracted from rice husk to modulate the physio-biochemical constituents of wheat for ameliorating drought tolerance without causing cytotoxicity. Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 13(1), 75. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43088-024-00529-2 Ahmadian, K., Jalilian, J., & Pirzad, A. (2021). Nano-fertilizers improved drought tolerance in wheat under deficit irrigation. Agricultural Water Management, 244, 106544. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106544 Akca, H., Kan, S., Taskin, M.B., Yagcioglu, K.D., Kadioglu, Y.K., & Gunes, A. (2026). Evaluating the Effectiveness of Biogenic Silicon Sources and Na-Silicate as Silicon Fertilizers in Mitigating Boron Toxicity in Maize. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 26, 1139–1148. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-025-02920-z Aurangzaib, M., Ahmad, Z., Jalil, M. I., Nawaz, F., Shaheen, M. R., Ahmad, M., Hussain, A., Ejaz, M. K., & Tabassum, M. A. (2022). Foliar spray of silicon confers drought tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by enhancing morpho-physiological and antioxidant potential. Silicon, 14(9), 4793–4807. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-021-01271-5 Brdar-Jokanović, M. (2020). Boron Toxicity and Deficiency in Agricultural Plants. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(4), 1424. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21041424 Barker, A. V., & Pilbeam, D. J. (2015). Handbook of plant nutrition. 2nd Edition. CRC Press. New York, USA. https://doi.org/10.1201/b18458 Behtash, F., Mogheri, F., Aghaee, A, Seyed Hajizadeh, H., & Kaya, O. (2024). Role of silicon in alleviating boron toxicity and enhancing growth and physiological traits in hydroponically cultivated Zea mays var. Merit. BMC Plant Biology, 14(24), 550. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-024-05275-2 Canavar, Ö., Gören, H.K., Tan, U., Yılmaz, O., Kaptan, M.A., & Küçük Kaya, S. (2025). Physiological Responses of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) to Multiple Combined Prolonged Drought Stress, Salinity Stress and Boron Toxicity: Insights from Pre‐ and Post‐Recovery Stages. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 211: e70047. https://doi.org/10.1111/jac.70047 Chang, Y., Zhang, X., Shu, Q., Sun, Z., Yang, M., Liu, X., Guo, J., He, Z., Li, L., Huang, J., Zhi, J., Chen, G. & Wang, T. (2026) Effects of fertilization measures on soil fertility and crop yields in drylands of the North China Plain: a meta-analysis. Frontiers in Plant Science, 17:1768991. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2026.1768991 da Silva, A.C.Z., Pereira, R.F., Ferreira, R.D.S., Alves, S.B., de Sousa, F.S., Rodrigues, S.S., de Brito Neto, J.F., de Melo, A.S., da Silva, R.M., & de Mesquita, E.F. (2025). Silicon and potassium synergistically alleviate salt stress and enhance soil fertility, nutrition, and physiology of passion fruit seedlings. Frontiers in Plant Science. 21(16), 1685221. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2025.1685221 Eben, P., Mohri, M., Pauleit, S., Duthweiler, S., & Helmreich, B. (2024). Phytoextraction potential of herbaceous plant species and the influence of environmental factors – A meta-analytical approach. Ecological Engineering, 199, 107169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2023.107169 Gaines, T. P., & Mitchell, G. A. (1979). Boron determination in plant tissue by the azomethine H method. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 10(8), 1099–1108. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103627909366965 Haddad, R., & Mokhlesian, S. (2016). Effect silicon on the peroxidase gene expression and morphological traits of barley under Drought Stress. Journal of Cell & Tissue, 6(4), 451-460, (In Persian with English abstract), https://doi.org/10.52547/JCT.6.4.451 Hassan, K.M., Ajaj, R., Abdelhamid, A.N., Ebrahim, M., Hassan, I.F., Hassan, F.A.S., Alam-Eldin, S.M., & Ali, M.A.A. (2024). Silicon: A Powerful Aid for Medicinal and Aromatic Plants against Abiotic and Biotic Stresses for Sustainable Agriculture. Horticulturae, 10(8): 806. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10080806 Hatfield, J.L. & Dold, C. (2019). Water-Use Efficiency: Advances and Challenges in a Changing Climate. Frontiers in Plant Science, 10: 103. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.00103 Ishaq, H., Waraich, E., Hussain, S., & Ahmad, M. (2023). Silicon-mediated growth, physiological, biochemical and root alterations to confer drought and nickel stress tolerance in maize (Zea mays L.). Silicon, 15, 6579–6589. 10.1007/s12633-023-02536-x Ishfaq, N., Waraich, E. A., Ahmad, M., Hussain, S., Zulfiqar, U., Din, K. U., Haider, A., Yong, J. W. H., Askri, S. M. H., & Ali, H. M. (2024). Mitigating drought-induced oxidative stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) through foliar application of sulfhydryl thiourea. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 15985. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-66506-y Johnson, S.N., Chen, Z.H., Rowe, R.C., & Tissue, D.T. (2022). Field application of silicon alleviates drought stress and improves water use efficiency in wheat. Frontiers in Plant Science, 13, 1030620. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.1030620 Karathanasis, A.D. (2002). Mineral Equilibria in Environmental Soil System. Pp. 109-151. In: Dixon, J.B., & Weed, S.B. (Eds). Soil Mineralogy with Environmental Applications. SSSA, Madison, WI, USA. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssabookser7.c4 Kumar, A., Sharma, S. K., Lata, C., Devi, R., Kulshrestha, N., Krishnamurty, S. L., Singh, K., & Yadav, R. K. (2018). Impact of water deficit (salt and drought) stress on physiological, biochemical and yield attributes on wheat (Triticum aestivum) varieties. The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 88(10), 1624-1632. https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v88i10.84255 Landi, M., Tattini, M., & Gould, K.S. (2015). Multiple functional roles of anthocyanins in plant-environment interactions. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 119, 4-17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2015.05.012 Liu, X., Lai, Q., Yin, S., & Gao, R. (2026). Assessing the impact of drought on water use efficiency among ecosystems on the Mongolian Plateau. Energy Nexus, 21, 100664. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nexus.2026.100664 Macho-Rivero, M.A., Herrera-Rodríguez, M.B., Brejcha, R., Schäffner, A.R., Tanaka, N., Fujiwara, T., González-Fontes, A.A., & Camacho-Cristóbal, J.J. (2018). Boron Toxicity Reduces Water Transport from Root to Shoot in Arabidopsis Plants. Evidence for a Reduced Transpiration Rate and Expression of Major PIP Aquaporin Genes. Plant and Cell Physiology, 59(4), 841-849. https://doi.org /10.1093/pcp/pcy026 Makkari, M., Abedinpour, M., & Dehghan, H. (2020). Effect of Drought Stress and Planting Date on Grain Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Autumn Wheat in Kashmar Region. Journal of Water Research in Agriculture. 34(2), 167-187, (In Persian with English abstract). https://doi.org/10.22092/jwra.2020.122256 Marschner, H. (2012). Marschner’s mineral nutrition of higher plants. Third Edition, Academic Press, London. https://doi.org/10.1016/C2009-0-63043-9 Mengel, K., & Kirkby, E.A. (2001). Principles of plant nutrition. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 849 p. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-1009-2 Mukarram, M., Zehra, A., Afzal, S., Sliacka Konôpková, A,, Khan, K.A., Alqahtani, A.R., El-Mekkawy, H.I., Kurjak, D., Lux, A., Chen, R., & Li, Q. (2026). Beyond essentiality: silicon as a systems regulator of photosynthesis under stress scenarios. Frontiers in Plant Scienc, 16, 1690421. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2025.1690421 Munns, R., Wallace, P.A., Teakle, N.L., Colmer, T.D. (2010). Measuring soluble ion concentrations (Na+, K+, Cl−) in salt-treated plants. Pp. 371-382. In: Sunkar, R. (Eds). Plant Stress Tolerance. Methods in Molecular Biology. vol 639. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-702-0_23 Narayanaswamy, C., & Prakash, N.B. (2009). Calibration and categorization of plant available silicon in rice soils of south India. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 32(8), 1237–1254. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904160903005970 Paladino, G.L., Dupaul, G., Jonsson, A., Haller, H., Eivazi, A., & hedenström, E. (2025). Selecting effective plant species for the phytoremediation of persistent organic pollutants and multielement contaminated fibrous sediments. Environmental Science Europe, 37, 117. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12302-025-01168-9 Pezeshk, S., Malakouti, M.J., Tehrani, M.M., & Rezakhani, L. (2023). Investigation of the effect of silicon on wheat yield amd water use efficiency under water stress conditions. Journal of Soil Research, 6(4), 335-347, (In Persian with English abstract). https://doi.org/10.22092/ijsr.2023.358545.663 Saleh, J., Najafi, N., & Oustan, S. (2017). Effects of Silicon Application on wheat growth and some physiological characteristics under different levels and sources of salinity. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 48, 1114–1122. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2017.1323090 Saleh, J., Najafi, N., Oustan, S., Ghasemi-Golezani, K., & Aliasgharzad, N. (2018). Silicon affects rice growth, superoxide dismutase activity and concentrations of chlorophyll and proline under different levels and sources of soil salinity. Silicon, 11(6), 2659-2667. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-018-0057-0 Shah, A., Wu, X., Ullah, A., Fahad, S., Muhammad, R., Yan, L., & Uiang, C. (2017). Deficiency and toxicity of boron: Alterations in growth, oxidative damage and uptake by citrange orange plants. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 145, 575-582. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.08.003 Shahbazi, K., Marzi, M., Mohammadi, M. H., Asadi, H., Fathi Gerdelidani, A., Hasheminasab, K., Toloui, R., Beheshti, M., Avizhgan, A., & Cheraghi, M. (2024). Methods of Soil Analysis: Sampling, Chemical, and Physical Methods. First Edition. Soil and Water Research Institute. Karaj, Iran. (In Persian). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/381917025_Methods_of_Soil_Analysis_Sampling_Chemical_and_Physical_Methods Shahmoradi, M., Varmazyari, H., Doosti, B., Babaei, M., Chalehkaei, M. (2025). Eighty Years of Agricultural Sector Planning (1948–2028): Implications for Implementing the Seventh Development Program Law. (e20939). Reports, 33(6), e20939. https://doi.org/10.22034/report.mrc.2025.1404.33.6.20939 Sharma, A., Kumar, V., Shahzad, B., & Zheng, B. (2020). Photosynthetic response of plants under different abiotic stresses: Areview. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 39, 509-531. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-019-10018-x Sharma, J.K., Kumar, N., Singh, N.P., & Santal, A.R. (2023). Phytoremediation technologies and their mechanism for removal of heavy metal from contaminated soil: An approach for a sustainable environment. Frontiers in Plant Science, 27, 14, 1076876. https://doi.org/ 10.3389/fpls.2023.1076876 Sposito, G. 1989. The Chemistry of Soils. New York. Oxford University Press. Teixeira, G.C.M., de Prado, R.M., Rocha, A.M.S., de Oliveira Filho, A.S.B., de Sousa Junior, G.S., & Gratão, P.L. (2022). Action of silicon on the activity of antioxidant enzymes and on physiological mechanisms mitigates water deficit in sugarcane and energy cane plants. Scientific Reports, 12, 17487. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-21680-9 Thorne, S. L., Hartley, S. E., &Maathuis, F. J. M. (2020). Is silicon a panacea for alleviating drought and salt stress in crops? Frontiers in Plant Science, 11, 1221. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.01221 Villa e Vila, V., Marques, P.A.A., Gomes, T.M., Nunes, A.F., Montenegro, V.G., Wenneck, G.S., & Franco, L.B. (2024). Deficit Irrigation with silicon application as strategy to increase yield, photosynthesis and water productivity in lettuce crops. Plants, 13, 1029. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13071029 Xu, J., Zhao, H., Wang, S., Zheng, Y., Mai, B., & Zhang, X. (2023). Assessment of photosynthesis and yield loss of winter wheat under ground-level ozone exposure. Environmental Technology & Innovation, 29, 103013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2023.103013 Yan, G., Fan, X., Tan, L., Yin, C, Li, T., & Liang, Y. (2021). Root silicon deposition and its resultant reduction of sodium bypass flow is modulated by OsLsi1 and OsLsi2 in rice. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 158, 219-227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.11.015 Yau, S.K., & Ryan, J. (2008), Boron Toxicity Tolerance in crops: A viable alternative to soil amelioration. Crop Science, 48, 854-865. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2007.10.0539 Zhang, Z., Chen, Y., Yang, F., Yang, K., Li, W., Zhang, X., Liu, W., & Deng, H. (2025). Ethylene-mediated drought tolerance in the critically endangered Artocarpus nanchuanensis: Insights from physiological and transcriptomic analyses. Plants, 14(17), 2636. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14172636 Zhao, B., Wu, F., Cai, G., Xi, P., Guo, Y., & Li, A. (2024). Physiological response mechanism and drought resistance evaluation of Passiflora edulis Sims under drought stress. Journal of Experimental Botany, 93(6), 1345-1363. https://doi.org/10.32604/phyton.2024.050950 | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 121 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 40 |
||