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Science Fiction as a Haven for Convergences and Divergences among Philosophical and Speculative Hypotheses in Ethics: The Study of Ethics of Artificial Intelligence in Ted Chiang’s “The Lifecycle of Software Objects” | ||
| مجله پژوهش های فلسفی | ||
| دوره 20، شماره 56، مهر 1405، صفحه 395-422 اصل مقاله (1.22 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله علمی- پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22034/jpiut.2026.72547.4522 | ||
| نویسنده | ||
| حسین محسنی* | ||
| استادیار گروه زبان و ادبیات انگلیسی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| This article compares literary and philosophical approaches to AI ethics by reading "The Lifecycle of Software Objects" alongside Nick Bostrom's AI philosophy, asking how Chiang's digients converge with and diverge from philosophical formulations regarding predictability, moral status, technological determinism, and AGI. Through comparative textual and philosophical analysis, it places the novella in dialogue with Bostrom's writings on transparency, accountability, friendliness, and utilitarian governance. The study argues that Chiang's novella both reflects and critiques the deterministic and capitalist logic underlying contemporary AI ethics. Bostrom emphasizes predictability, transparency, incorruptibility, and economic utility as safeguards for managing AI—safeguards that, by their limiting nature, prevent AI from realizing its generality. Chiang, by contrast, foregrounds the affective, embodied, and socially embedded dimensions of digital beings. The novella exposes the violence of technological obsolescence by depicting the digients' reduction into marketable and telemobile commodities, while presenting their experiential growth, heuristic intelligence, and emotional singularity as evidence of genuine generality. The findings suggest that Chiang develops a "non-human humanism" reconfiguring autonomy, equality, and social belonging beyond anthropocentric limits. Against Bostrom's utilitarian, control-oriented framework, Chiang presents unpredictability, embodiment, and mutual adaptation as necessary conditions for acknowledging AI moral status and realizing AGI. The article concludes that literary fiction expands the ethical imagination of AI beyond the restrictive logic of capitalist optimization and technological determinism found in Bostrom's framework. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| Chiang؛ Bostrom؛ Artificial Intelligence (AI)؛ Artificial General Intelligence (AGI)؛ Generality | ||
| مراجع | ||
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Ahn, S. (2020). The Everyday Life of Artificial Intelligence: The Humanism of Ted Chiang’s The Lifecycle of Software Objects. Science Fiction Studies, 47(1), 73–92. https://doi.org/10.1353/sfs.2020.0030 Attebery, S. (2017). Losing Data Earth: Technological Obsolescence and Extinction in The Lifecycle of Software Objects. Trace: A Journal of Writing, Media, and Ecology. http://tracejournal.net/trace-issues/issue1/07-attebery.html Bostrom, N., Dafoe A., and Flynn, C. (2020). Public Policy and Superintelligent AI A Vector Field Approach. In S.M. Liao (Eds.), Ethics of Artificial Intelligence (1st ed., pp. 293-326). Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190905033.003.0011 Bostrom, N. (2003). Ethical Issues in Advanced Artificial Intelligence. Nick Bostrom. https://nickbostrom.com/ethics/ai Bostrom, N. (2014). Superintelligence: Paths, Dangers, Strategies. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Bostrom, N. Yudkowsky, E. (2014). The Ethics of Artificial Intelligence. In K. Frankish & W.M. Ramsey (Eds.), The Cambridge Handbook of Artificial Intelligence (1st ed., pp. 316-334). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139046855.020 Chiang, T. (2019). The Lifecycle of Software Objects. In Exhalation: Stories (pp. 94–250). Mexico: Thorndike Press. (the story originally published in 2010) Dela Cruz, N.L. (2025). Save the Digients! On the Moral Status of AI. In D. Friedell (Ed.). The Philosophy of Ted Chiang (1st ed., 195-202). Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-81662-8_21 Gordon, J. (2012, April 27). Winsome Ghosts in the Machine: Joan Gordon’s The Lifecycle of Software Objects. Los Angeles Review of Books. https://lareviewofbooks.org/article/winsome-ghosts-in-the-machine-joan-gordons-the-lifecycle-of-software-objects Müller, V. C. (2026). Ethics of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics. In E. N. Zalta & U. Nodelman (Eds.). The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2026 ed.). https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2026/entries/ethics-ai/ Sanbonmatsu, J. (2007). The Subject of Freedom at the End of History. American Journal of Economics and Sociology. 66(1), 217-35. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1536-7150.2007.00506.x Shaviro, S. (2016). Discognition. London: Repeater Books. Shephard, W.A. (2022). Chiang, Ted. In P.O. Donnell, S.J. Burn, & L. Larkin (Eds.). The Encyclopedia of Contemporary American Fiction 1980-2020 (vol. I, pp. 327-332). Hoboken and West Sussex: Wiley Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119431732.ecaf0031 Shukin, N. (2009). Animal Capital: Rendering Life in Biopolitical Times. Minneapolis and London: University of Minnesota Press. Shulman, C., Bostrom, N. (2021). Sharing the World with Digital Minds. In S. Clarke, H. Zohny, J. Savulescu (Eds.). Rethinking Moral Status (1st ed., pp. 306-326). Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192894076.003.0018 Stinson, C. (2025). Raising an AI Teenager. In D. Friedell (Ed.). The Philosophy of Ted Chiang (1st ed., 187-194). Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-81662-8_20 Weisberg, Z. (2014). The Trouble with Posthumanism: Bacteria Are People Too. In J. Sorenson (Ed.). Critical Animal Studies: Thinking the Unthinkable. (1st ed., 93-116). Toronto: Canadian Scholars. | ||
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