Evaluation of the use of allelopathic potential of different vetch species for control of broomrape (Orobanche aegyptiaca) in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) | ||
| دانش کشاورزی وتولید پایدار | ||
| Volume 36, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 239-254 PDF (866.26 K) | ||
| Document Type: Research Paper | ||
| DOI: 10.22034/saps.2025.61816.3227 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Hamid Akbarihajat1; Iraj Nosratti2; Marjan Diyanat3 | ||
| 1Department of Plant Production & Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Iran | ||
| 2Dept. of Plant Production and Genetics, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran. | ||
| 3Department of Agricultural Sciences and Food Industries, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Background & Objectives: Broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.) is one of the most destructive parasitic weeds in sunflower production and causes severe yield losses in many sunflower-growing regions. Sustainable and environmentally friendly approaches are needed to reduce dependence on chemical control methods. Allelopathic cover crops and living mulches, particularly vetch species, may suppress broomrape establishment and development through competition and release of inhibitory compounds. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the allelopathic potential of different vetch species and their residues for broomrape management in sunflower and to determine the response of different sunflower cultivars to these management practices. Materials & Methods: The experiment was conducted as a factorial arrangement based on a completely randomized design with three replications. Experimental factors included sunflower cultivars consisting of a native accession (Ablagh Sefid) and the Azargol cultivar, and broomrape management treatments including living mulch of hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth), white vetch (Vicia pannonica Crantz), and Maragheh vetch (Vicia villosa subsp. varia (Host) Corb.), as well as hairy vetch residues applied as dead mulch at rates of one, two, and three kg m⁻². Broomrape density, dry weight, and sunflower seed yield were measured to evaluate treatment effects. Results: Significant differences were observed among treatments for broomrape suppression and sunflower performance. The lowest broomrape density (0.78 plant m⁻²) and dry weight (1.46 g m⁻²) were obtained in plots where hairy vetch was intercropped with the Azargol cultivar, indicating strong suppressive effects of hairy vetch living mulch on broomrape establishment. Compared with the control treatment, sunflower seed yield under living mulch of hairy vetch, white vetch, and Maragheh vetch decreased by 5.33%, 14.01%, and 27.45%, respectively. Although living mulches reduced yield to some extent due to interspecific competition, hairy vetch showed the least negative impact on sunflower productivity while providing the greatest broomrape suppression. In contrast, application of hairy vetch residues as dead mulch caused substantial reductions in seed yield, particularly at the rate of one kg m⁻², where yield decreased by 71.92% in Azargol and 70.36% in Ablagh Sefid compared with their respective controls. The native accession exhibited greater sensitivity to broomrape infestation than the Azargol cultivar across most treatments. Conclusion: The findings of this study demonstrate that living mulch of hairy vetch can effectively suppress broomrape infestation in sunflower and may serve as an environmentally sustainable component of integrated broomrape management programs. Among the evaluated treatments, hairy vetch living mulch provided the best balance between weed suppression and crop productivity. Furthermore, the Azargol cultivar showed greater tolerance to broomrape infestation than the native accession, suggesting that cultivation of this cultivar in heavily infested areas may improve sunflower performance and reduce yield losses. These results highlight the potential of integrating tolerant cultivars with allelopathic cover crops for sustainable management of parasitic weeds in sunflower production systems. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Cover crop; Dead much; parasite plant; Sunflower cultivars; Yield | ||
| References | ||
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