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تأثیر تراکم و زمان نسبی ظهور علفهرز اویارسلام زرد (Cyperus esculenthus L.) بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد برنج (Oryza sativa L.) رقم هاشمی | ||
| دانش کشاورزی وتولید پایدار | ||
| دوره 36، شماره 2، 1405، صفحه 75-89 اصل مقاله (626.83 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22034/saps.2025.63799.3287 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| همت اله پیردشتی* 1؛ محمد ابستا1؛ رحمت عباسی2؛ نعمت اله صداقت3 | ||
| 1گروه زراعت، دانشکده علوم زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری | ||
| 2دانشیار گروه زراعت، دانشکده علوم زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری | ||
| 3زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه گنبد | ||
| چکیده | ||
| مقدمه و اهداف: علفهرز اویارسلام زرد یکی از جگنهای چندساله بوده و بهدلیل رشد رویشی زیاد و تولید ساقه زیرزمینی، پیاز، بذر و غده بهعنوان یکی از خطرناکترین علفهایهرز در جهان شناخته میشود. این علفهرز با توان رقابتی بالا در اراضی شالیزاری موجب کاهش عملکرد برنج میشود. در همین راستا، پژوهش حاضر بهمنظور ارزیابی اثر تراکم و زمان نسبی ظهور این علفهرز بر رشد و عملکرد برنج رقم هاشمی طراحی و اجرا شد. مواد و روشها: این آزمایش در سال 1402 در قالب فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار اجرا شد. تراکم علفهرز اویارسلام زرد در چهار سطح (صفر، 15، 30 و 45 بوته در مترمربع) و زمان نسبی ظهور علفهرز در سه سطح (همزمان، یک و دو هفته بعد از نشاکاری) دو عامل آزمایش بودند. برای اعمال تراکم علف های هرز، گیاهچههای اویارسلام زرد بر اساس میزان تراکم و زمان نسبی ظهور علفهرز در تاریخهای مشخصشده به صورت تصادفی و تکبوته در کرتهای آزمایش نشاکاری شدند. در مرحله برداشت صفات مرتبط با عملکرد برنج مانند تعداد پنجه، وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک، عملکرد شلتوک و شاخص برداشت اندازهگیری شدند. یافتهها: نتایج حاصل از تجزیه واریانس دادهها نشان داد که زمان نسبی ظهور و تراکم علفهرز اویارسلام زرد بر تمام صفات مورد بررسی معنیدار گردید. همچنین برهمکنش زمان نسبی و تراکم علفهرز اویارسلام زرد از نظر عملکرد شلتوک، تعداد کل دانه در خوشه و تعداد دانه پر در خوشه در سطح احتمال پنج درصد و از نظر عملکرد بیولوژیک در سطح احتمال یک درصد معنیدار بود. عملکرد شلتوک در همزمان با نشاکاری، یک و دو هفته پس از نشاکاری علفهرز اویارسلام زرد و در تراکمهای 15، 30 و 45 بوته در مترمربع در مقایسه با شاهد بهترتیب 90/29، 89/32 و 83/49، 23/32، 22/35، 18/47، 97/9، 61/15 و 61/17 درصد کاهش یافت. همچنین کشت همزمان نشاکاری با تراکم صفر بوته عملکرد بیولوژیک بالاتری در مقایسه با کشت همزمان با تراکم 45 بوته (4850 در مقابل 2880 کیلوگرم در هکتار) داشت. نتیجهگیری: با افزایش زمان نسبی ظهور اویارسلام زرد، از شدت تأثیر تراکم آن کاسته شد، بهطوریکه سبزشدن در دو هفته پس از نشاکاری، تأثیر تراکم اویارسلام زرد بر اغلب اجزای عملکرد غیرمعنیدار بود. بهطورکلی نتایج آزمایش نشاندهنده حساسیت شدید عملکرد شلتوک به تداخل همزمان اویارسلام زرد حتی در تراکمهای کم بود. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| ارتفاع بوته؛ تعداد دانه؛ رقابت؛ شلتوک؛ علف هرز | ||
| مراجع | ||
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