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ارزیابی نقش توسعه ادیبل پارکها در تامین آسایش دمایی در شهرها | ||
| دانش کشاورزی وتولید پایدار | ||
| دوره 36، شماره 1، 1405، صفحه 275-301 اصل مقاله (1.9 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22034/saps.2024.62865.3263 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| زهرا نوبر1؛ اکبر رحیمی* 2 | ||
| 1گروه برنامه ریزی شهری و منطقه ای، دانشکده برنامه ریزی و علوم محیطی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران | ||
| 2گروه برنامه ریزی شهری و منطقه ای، دانشکده برنامه ریزی و علوم محیطی، دانشگاه تبریز،تبریز، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| مقدمه و اهداف: گسترش و صنعتی شدن در شهرها سبب ایجاد چالش هایی اعمم از تامین پایدار غذا و نیازهای اکولوژیکی، در شهرهای در حال توسعه احساس می شود؛ ادیبل پارک ها در سالهای اخیر بهمنظور تامین بخشی از نیازهای اکولوژیکی، زیست محیطی و اجتماعی با رویکرد زیرساخت های سبز درتامین بخش وسیعی از نیاز ها در شهرها می باشد. مواد و روش ها : این پژوهش بهصورت میدانی، تحلیلی و سنجشی ، در مرحله نخست با پایش ویژگیهای فیزیکی و اقلیمی سایت شامل توپوگرافی، پوشش گیاهی و جنس مصالح سطحی صورت گرفت است. بهمنظور ارزیابی تأثیر الگوهای مختلف کاشت بر شرایط آسایش حرارتی، از روش تحلیل تطبیقی سناریوها بهرهگیری شد. در این راستا، هفت الگوی کاشت متفاوت متشکل از ترکیبهای گوناگون درختان برگریز، همیشهسبز و درختچهها طراحی و در یک سایت ثابت پیادهسازی گردید. برای تحلیل دقیق شرایط خرداقلیمی هر سناریو، فرایند شبیهسازی با استفاده از دو نرمافزار ENVI-MET 4 و RayMan برای محاسبه شاخصهای آسایش حرارتی انجام گرفت. تمامی سناریوها در بازه زمانی ۸ ساعته، از ساعت 10:00 تا 18:00 در تاریخ ۱۰ تیرماه ۱۳۹۹—که بر اساس دادههای هواشناسی بهعنوان یکی از گرمترین روزهای سال شناسایی شد—مورد شبیهسازی قرار گرفتند. دادههای ورودی شامل دمای هوا، رطوبت نسبی، سرعت باد، تابش خورشیدی و شرایط مرزی جوی، از نزدیکترین ایستگاه هواشناسی استخراج و در مدلهای شبیهسازی بازتعریف شد. نتایج و بحث: بهره گیری از سناریوهای کاشت متشکل از درختان برگریز، همیشهسبز و درختچهها در اراضی کشاورزی شهری، اثر قابل توجهی بر بهبود شرایط خرداقلیمی و ارتقای آسایش حرارتی دارد. بررسی شاخص PMV نشان میدهد که حضور پوشش گیاهی چندلایه ، به مقدار 1.5 نسبت به سطح بدون کشت و به مقدار 1.4 ، نسبت به سطح زراعیشده کاهش دهد؛ موضوعی که بیانگر کاهش محسوس تنش گرمایی در ساعات گرم روز است. تحلیل شاخص PET نیز اثربخشی قابل ملاحظه الگوهای کاشت را تأیید میکند، بهگونهای که مقدار PET در سناریوهای گیاهی ۶ درجه سانتیگراد نسبت به زمین فاقد پوشش و 5.57درجه سانتیگراد نسبت به سطح زراعیشده کاهش یافته است. این کاهش عمدتاً ناشی از افزایش سایهاندازی، تبخیر–تعرق و تعدیل تابش خورشیدی توسط عناصر گیاهی است. افزون بر این، دمای هوای محیط نیز تحت تأثیر الگوهای کاشت بهطور میانگین0.49 درجه سانتیگراد کاهش یافته که هرچند محدود بهنظر میرسد، اما در مقیاس شهری نقش مهمی در کاهش گرمایش موضعی ایفا میکند. نتیجهگیری: نتایج این پژوهش بهوضوح نشان میدهد که ترکیبسازی کاشت درختان، شامل گونههای برگریز و همیشهسبز، همراه با محصولات زراعی در یک سایت مشخص، میتواند بهعنوان یک راهبرد مؤثر در توسعه ادیبلپارکها مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. تحلیل شاخصهای آسایش حرارتی نشان می دهد که حضور ساختارهای گیاهی چندلایه، با ایجاد سایه، کاهش دمای سطح و افزایش رطوبت نسبی، منجر به بهبود قابل توجه شرایط خرداقلیمی میشود. از طرف دیگر بهکارگیری الگوهای اصولی کاشت در قالب سناریوهای طراحیشده، نهتنها موجب مدیریت و جهتدهی سیستماتیکِ اثرات اقلیمی شده، بلکه به احیای اراضی کشاورزی رها شده یا در معرض تخریب نیز کمک میکند. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| آسایش حرارتی؛ اقلیم شهری؛ ادیبل پارک؛ شاخصPMV؛ شبیه سازی | ||
| مراجع | ||
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