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Physiological responses associated with improved yield performance under heat stress in proso millet: the role of rice bran-coated urea in re-programming growth and partitioning | ||
| Journal of Plant Physiology and Breeding | ||
| مقالات آماده انتشار، پذیرفته شده، انتشار آنلاین از تاریخ 10 اردیبهشت 1405 | ||
| نوع مقاله: Research Paper | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22034/jppb.2026.70781.1404 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| Sirous Hassannejad* 1؛ Shurooq Abbas1؛ Soheila Porheidar Ghafarbi2 | ||
| 1Department of Plant Eco-Physiology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran. | ||
| 2Dryland Agricultural Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization (AREEO), Maragheh, Iran. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| Objective: Heat stress disrupts photosynthetic machinery and shortens developmental phases, leading to yield loss in cereals. This study investigated the potential of rice bran-coated urea (RBCU) to ameliorate heat-induced constraints on growth, phenology, and dry matter partitioning in proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.). Methods: A two-year field experiment evaluated uncoated urea (UCU), RBCU, gypsum-coated urea (GCU), and cement-coated urea (CCU) at four nitrogen rates (0, 60, 80, and 120 kg urea ha-¹) under optimal (spring) and heat stress (summer) conditions. The experiment was in the form of a split-plot factorial design based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. The main plots included the planting season (spring and summer seasons) and the subplots comprised of the factorial combination of coating type and urea-N rate. In this study, several characteristics, including days to heading, days to physiological maturity, chlorophyll a, total carotenoids, leaf area, panicle length, biomass, yield, and harvest index were measured. Results: Results indicated that RBCU at 80 kg urea ha-¹ generally ranked among the highest-performing treatments, particularly under summer conditions. Under summer heat, RBCU maintained significantly higher chlorophyll a and carotenoids, increasing chlorophyll a and carotenoids content 25.4% and nearly twofold, respectively, compared to the stressed UCU control. It concurrently improved canopy architecture, enhancing leaf area and panicle length by 14.9% and 15.2%. RBCU also modulated crop phenology, delaying heading by 11.5%, and was associated with an improvement in dry matter partitioning efficiency, reflected in harvest index. It boosted total biomass by 17.3% and, most importantly, increased the harvest index by 6.3% under severe stress, indicating a better allocation of assimilates to grains. Consequently, grain yield with RBCU at 80 kg urea ha-¹ was 17.5% higher than with UCU under summer conditions. Conclusion: RBCU associated with improved physiological performance and yield under summer heat conditions, likely through coordinated effects on canopy traits, phenology, and harvest index. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| Biomass partitioning؛ Canopy architecture؛ Harvest index؛ Phenology؛ Photosynthetic pigments؛ Proso millet؛ Slow-release nitrogen | ||
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