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Higher Education Without Commodification, Mechanization or Moralization | ||
| مجله پژوهش های فلسفی | ||
| دوره 19، شماره 53، دی 1404، صفحه 253-266 اصل مقاله (987.03 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله علمی- پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22034/jpiut.2025.69349.4223 | ||
| نویسنده | ||
| Robert Hanna* | ||
| Independent Philosopher, Canada | ||
| چکیده | ||
| What is the ultimate end of higher education? Giambattista Vico, echoing Socrates’s Delphic oracle, claimed that the ultimate end of all education is self-knowledge. I fully agree with Vico’s claim, but also radically extend his idea about education, in accordance with contemporary and futuristic Kantianism, and then apply it specifically to contemporary and near-future higher education. In 1784, Kant published an essay called “An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?” in which he argued that the fundamental thesis of “enlightenment” or Aufklärung is that all rational human animals are strictly obligated to think for themselves and to act freely, with resolution and courage, in accordance with sufficient respect for their own and everyone else’s human dignity. Taking together Vico’s Socratic idea about self-knowledge, with Kant’s idea about enlightenment, and then creatively revising-&-updating them both to fit the contemporary 21st century existential, moral, and sociopolitical predicament of humankind, then in my view, the ultimate end of higher education is not only (i) self-knowledge, but also (ii) rational autonomy in thinking, caring, and acting, (iii) authentic human creativity, and (iv) sufficient respect for everyone’s human dignity. In turn, the four-part conjunction of these ultimate ends is what I call radical enlightenment. Therefore, I’m saying that the ultimate end of higher education is radical enlightenment. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| Education؛ Kant؛ Enlightenment؛ Dignity؛ Self-knowledge؛ Vico؛ Higher Education؛ Radical Enlightenment؛ Commodification؛ Mechanization؛ Moralization | ||
| مراجع | ||
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Americans are losing faith in the value of college. Whose fault is that? New York Times Magazine. https://www.nytimes.com University of Toronto Magazine. (2025). https://magazine.utoronto.ca/ Vico, G. (1990). On the study methods of our times. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. (Original work published 1709) Vico, G. (1993). On humanistic education (G. A. Pinton & A. W. Shippee, Trans.). Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. (Original works published 1699–1707) Wolff, R. P. (1969). The ideal of the university. Boston, MA: Beacon Press. Wong, A. (2016). March 30). The commodification of higher education. The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com Yale Alumni Magazine. (2025). https://yalealumnimagazine.org/ | ||
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