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تأثیر رژیمهای آبیاری و سطوح نیتروژن بر ویژگیهای مورفوفیزیولوژیک و عملکرد ذرت هیبرید 703 در یک خاک لوم شنی | ||
| دانش خاک و گیاه | ||
| دوره 35، شماره 3، آبان 1404، صفحه 19-38 اصل مقاله (1.4 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22034/sps.2025.69016.1020 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| مسلم توفیقی1؛ اصغر رحیمی1؛ سید احمد حسینی1؛ مرتضی اشراقی نژاد* 2 | ||
| 1گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشگاه ولی عصر (عج) رفسنجان، رفسنجان، ایران. | ||
| 2بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی جنوب استان کرمان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، جیرفت، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| این مطالعه با هدف ارزیابی تأثیر سطوح مختلف کود نیتروژن بر ویژگیهای رویشی و زایشی ذرت (Zea mays L.) هیبرید 703 در شرایط کمآبیاری در یک خاک لوم شنی در منطقه جیرفت انجام شد. آزمایش بهصورت کرتهای خردشده در قالب بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال زراعی 1398 اجرا شد. فاکتورهای آزمایش شامل دور آبیاری در 4 سطح (معادل 90، 140، 190 و 240 میلیمتر تبخیر تجمعی از تشتک تبخیر کلاس A) به عنوان عامل اصلی و کود نیتروژن در 4 سطح (200، 300، 400 و 500 کیلوگرم اوره بر هکتار) در دو تقسیط در مراحل چهار برگی و ظهور گلآذین نر، به عنوان عامل فرعی بودند. نتایج نشان داد که ذرت تا سطح آبیاری معادل 140 میلیمتر تبخیر از تشتک، توانایی تحمل تنش خشکی را داشت اما افزایش شدت تنش خشکی، باعث کاهش معنادار صفات رویشی، عملکرد بیولوژیک و دانه شد. کاربرد سطوح بالاتر کود نیتروژن توانست تا حدودی از شدت کاهش عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ذرت در شرایط تنش کمآبی بکاهد. مصرف 500 کیلوگرم اوره بر هکتار در دور آبیاری 90 و 140 میلیمتر تبخیر، سبب بهبود صفاتی همچون غلظت کلروفیل کل، وزن دانه در بلال، تعداد دانه در هر ردیف، ارتفاع گیاه، قطر ساقه و مقدار نسبی آب برگ گردید. تمامی صفات مورد بررسی در تیمارهای 190 و 240 میلیمتر تبخیر، صرفنظر از سطح کود نیتروژن، کاهش قابلتوجهی یافتند. بر اساس این نتایج، توصیه میشود که برای ذرت هیبرید 703 در یک خاک لوم شنی در شرایط اقلیمی گرم و خشک، از اعمال تنش کمآبی بیش از 140 میلیمتر تبخیر از سطح تشتک اجتناب شود و کاربرد بهینه نیتروژن میتواند به تعدیل اثرهای منفی کمآبیاری کمک کند. همچنین، در شرایط تأمین آب کافی، میتوان مصرف کود نیتروژن را تا حدود 50 درصد کاهش داد بدون آنکه کاهش معناداری در عملکرد مشاهده شود. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| اوره؛ تشتک تبخیر کلاس A؛ عملکرد بیولوژیک؛ غلظت کلروفیل؛ مقدار نسبی آب برگ | ||
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