آمار
| تعداد نشریات | 45 |
| تعداد شمارهها | 1,489 |
| تعداد مقالات | 18,175 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 58,778,799 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 20,252,005 |
ارزیابی اثرات تغذیه ای آقطی (Sambucus ebulus) بر عملکرد تولیدی، ویژگیهای لاشه، پارامترهای بیوشیمیایی و وضعیت آنتیاکسیدانی خون، سیستم ایمنی، ویژگیهای حسی و چشایی گوشت و پروفیل اسیدهای چرب آن در جوجههای گوشتی | ||
| پژوهش های علوم دامی (دانش کشاورزی) | ||
| دوره 35، شماره 4، اسفند 1404، صفحه 83-102 اصل مقاله (826.18 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22034/as.2025.67340.1778 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| محمود ساعی1؛ علیرضا صیداوی* 2؛ مهرداد بویه1 | ||
| 1گروه علوم دامی، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رشت، ایران | ||
| 2گروه علوم دامی، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رشت، ایران (ایمیل: alireza.seidavi@iau.ac.ir) | ||
| چکیده | ||
| Introduction: Elderberry (Sambucus ebulus) as a valuable antioxidant, immune stimulant, anti-influenza and antibiotic alternative and a strong antiviral supplement, and in parallel reducing a variety of metabolic and non-metabolic diseases, can have a good prospect in poultry nutrition. It has been proven that Sambucus ebulus fruit extract can increase cytokine production by monocytes, and subsequently the expression of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF is revealed, and the immune system in the host body is modulated and improved. Administration of this extract of this plant through drinking water showed positive and promising results in the improvement and treatment of H9N2 avian influenza. Therefore, the present study was planned to evaluate the dietary effects of elderberry (Sambucus ebulus) on production performance, carcass characteristics, biochemical parameters and blood antioxidant status, immune system, and meat sensory and taste traits, and its fatty acid profile in broiler chickens. Material and method: Biological experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design using elderberry (Sambucus ebulus) fruit powder (SE) consisting of three treatments of 0, 1.5 and 2%, each treatment consisting of 5 replications and 10 birds per replication, and a total of 150 Ross 308 broiler chickens. Assay diets based on corn and soybean meal were formulated during three periods: starter (1-11 d), grower (12-21 d) and finisher (22-42 d). During the three rearing periods of starter, grower, finisher and the entire period, feed intake (FI) and body weight (BW) were measured, respectively, and FCR was also calculated. At the end of the period, after four hours of starvation, two birds with the average weight of their experimental unit from each replicate were randomly selected and slaughtered and, by separating the carcasses, the following were weighed and measured: live weight, defeather body, eviscerated carcass, breast, thigh, gizzard, crop, liver, heart, pancreas, spleen, bursa of Fabricius weight and abdominal fat, respectively, with a scale with an accuracy of 0.001. In addition, at the end of the period, blood samples were taken from the wing vein of three birds from each replicate using sterile 5 cc syringes, and biochemical blood parameters were measured. To evaluate immunological parameters, sheep red blood cells (SRBC) were injected at a 5% dilution into the pectoral muscle area of the birds on days 28 and 36 of rearing in a volume of 0.2 cc. Seven days after SRBC injection (days 35 and 42), samples were taken from the wing vein of the same injected birds with sterile syringes with a volume of 3 cc to evaluate the level of antibodies against SRBC using the hemagglutination method for Newcastle disease (NDV) and influenza (AIV) titers. In order to evaluate the fatty acid profile of meat, sampling was performed from the whole breast of the bird and meat health indices including omega 6 to omega 3 ratio, atherogenic index (AI), thrombogenic index (TI), hypocholesterolemic index (HI), and hypocholesterolemic to hypercholesterolemic ratio were calculated. For the sensory and taste attributes item including the evaluation of aroma, flavor, odor, tenderness, color and overall desirability of breast meat, one sample was taken from each replicate and the samples were cooked without spices. Then, it was evaluated by six panels (food testers) (by scoring from 1 to 10). All data obtained were collected in Excel software and the results were analyzed with statistical software (SAS 9.3). Comparisons of treatment means were reported with Duncan's multiple range test. Quadratic, linear, nonlinear and orthogonal equations were reported and finding the turning point of quadratic equations was achieved with the "Solver" extension of Excel software. For traits related to breast fatty acids, statistical analysis was not performed and only the raw laboratory data report was published and the calculation of indices was presented. Results and discussion: The performance results showed that only in the finisher period (22-42 d), the feed conversion ratio (FCR) increased at the level of 2% (P<0.05) and for other periods and even the entire period, there was no negative effect on performance after SE feeding (P<0.05). Carcass traits for live body weight and defeather body weight in the control treatment were significantly higher in the SE-fed groups (P<0.05). Also, for these two mentioned traits, the contrast effects of the control group compared with the combined effect of the SE-fed groups were significantly different (P<0.05). Eviscerated carcass, heart and pancreas weights in the control treatment were significant compared with the combined effect of the SE-fed groups (P<0.05). However, no significant difference was observed in carcass relative weight between the experimental treatments (P<0.05). Results of blood parameters for glucose, cholesterol, atherogenic index, triglyceride, phosphorus, Fe, calcium, liver enzymes and total antioxidant capacity were significantly different in line with the improvement of chicken health after SE feeding (P<0.01). For immunological traits Antibody Titr (35day-SRBC test), the treatment containing 1.5% SE and the control treatment had significantly higher values than the 2% SE treatment (P<0.05). Meat color was observed to increase in the treatments fed with SE compared with the control treatment (P<0.05). Overall, the results indicated that SE feeding in broiler chickens with the least negative effect on performance has a positive role on the biochemical health parameters of blood and immunity of broilers and in parallel affected meat color and the potential of supplementing this antioxidant source in nutrition has a promising perspective for health. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| آنتیاکسیدان؛ شاخص آتروژنیک؛ جوجههای گوشتی؛ آقطی؛ سلامت؛ رنگ گوشت | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Abd El-Hack ME, Shafi ME, Alghamdi WY, Abdelnour SA, Shehata AM, Noreldin AE and Ragni M. 2020. Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) meal as a promising feed ingredient for poultry: A comprehensive review. Agriculture 10(8): 339.
Ahmad I, Mashwani ZUR, Raja NI, Kazmi A, Wahab A, Ali A, Younas Z, Yaqoob S and Rahimi M. 2022. Comprehensive approaches of nanoparticles for growth performance and health benefits in poultry: An update on the current scenario. BioMed Research International 2022(1): 9539908.
Ahmadiani A, Fereidoni M, Semnanian S, Kamalinejad M and Saremi S. 1998. Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of Sambucus ebulus rhizome extract in rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 61(3): 229-235.
Akram, M., Tahir, I. M., Shah, S. M. A., Mahmood, Z., Altaf, A., Ahmad, K., and Mehboob, H. (2018). Antiviral potential of medicinal plants against HIV, HSV, influenza, hepatitis, and coxsackievirus: A systematic review. Phytotherapy Research 32(5): 811-822.
Amirdahri S, Janmohammadi H, Taghizadeh A, Olyayee M, Hosseintabar-Ghasemabad B, Seidavi A and Vlčková R. 2023. Dietary leucine deficiency alters performance, body composition, intestine microbiota, and immune response of female Cobb broilers. Animal Production Science 63(17): 1750-1758.
Anthony TG and Wek RC. 2012. TXNIP switches tracks toward a terminal UPR. Cell metabolism 16(2): 135-137.
Attia YA, Al-Harthi MA, Al-Sagan AA, Alqurashi AD, Korish MA, Abdulsalam NM, Olal M and Bovera F. 2022. Dietary supplementation with different ω-6 to ω-3 fatty acid ratios affects the sustainability of performance, egg quality, fatty acid profile, immunity and egg health indices of laying hens. Agriculture 12(10): 1712.
Azizi CM, Bouyeh M and Seidavi AR. 2021. Effect of different levels of L-carnitine on growth performance, carcass characteristics, function of immune system, cecal microbial population, histology of the small intestine, and composition of fatty acids of broiler breast meat. Animal Science Research 31(2):111-127.
Baghban-Kanani P, Hosseintabar-Ghasemabad B, Azimi-Youvalari S, Seidavi A, Ragni M, Laudadio V and Tufarelli V. 2019a. Effects of using Artemisia annua leaves, probiotic blend, and organic acids on performance, egg quality, blood biochemistry, and antioxidant status of laying hens. The Journal of Poultry Science 56(2): 120-127.
Baghban-Kanani P, Hosseintabar-Ghasemabad B, Azimi-Youvalari S, Seidavi A, Ayaşan T, Laudadio V Tufarelli V. 2018. Effect of different levels of sunflower meal and multi-enzyme complex on performance, biochemical parameters and antioxidant status of laying hens. South African Journal of Animal Science 48(2): 390-399.
Baghban-Kanani P, Janmohammadi H and Ostadrahimi AR. 2019b. Effect of different levels of sunflower meal and niacin on performance, biochemical parameters, antioxidant status, and egg yolk cholesterol of laying hens. Iranian Journal of Applied Animal Science 9(4): 737-746.
Baghban‐Kanani P, Oteri M, Hosseintabar‐Ghasemabad B, Azimi‐Youvalari S, Di Rosa AR, Chiofalo B, Seidavi A and Phillips CJ. 2023. The effects of replacing wheat and soyabean meal with duckweed (Lemna minor) and including enzymes in the diet of laying hens on the yield and quality of eggs, biochemical parameters, and their antioxidant status. Animal Science Journal 94(1): e13888.
Belali M, Seidavi A and Bouyeh M. 2021. Effects of short-term and combined use of thyme powder and aqueous extract on growth performance, carcass and organ characteristics, blood constituents, enzymes, immunity, intestinal morphology and fatty acid profile of breast meat in broilers. Large Animal Review 27(4): 223-232.
Binaii M, Sepahdari A, Ghiasi M, Babaalian Amiri A, Mattani H and Habibi F. 2022. Evaluation of dietary administration of nettle (Urtica dioica) and dwarf elder (Sambucus ebulus) on growth, hematological, immunological indices and survival of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) against Aeromonas hydrophila. Iranian Scientific Fisheries Journal 31(4): 89-105.
Chakravarti B, Maurya R, Siddiqui JA, Bid HK, Rajendran SM, Yadav PP and Konwar R. 2012. In vitro anti-breast cancer activity of ethanolic extract of Wrightia tomentosa: role of pro-apoptotic effects of oleanolic acid and urosolic acid. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 142(1): 72-79.
Cvetanović A. 2020. Sambucus ebulus L., antioxidants and potential in disease. In: Pathology (pp. 321-333). Academic Press.
Durakova A, Vasileva A, Yanakieva V, Kalaydzhiev H, Goranova Z and Temelkova M. 2025. Elderberry oil-cake “Sambucus ebulus”–natural immune stimulant. In BIO Web of Conferences (Vol. 170, p. 01010). EDP Sciences.
Ebadi AG and Hisoriev H. 2011. Review on distribution of Sambucus ebulus L. in the North of Iran. American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Science 10(3): 351-353.
Eyupoglu S, Eyupoglu C and Merdan N. 2024a. Investigation of the effect of enzymatic and alkali treatments on the physico-chemical properties of Sambucus ebulus L. plant fiber. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 266: 130968.
Eyupoglu S, Eyupoglu C and Merdan N. 2024b. Physico-chemical characterization of Sambucus ebulus L. plant stem fiber. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery 14(17): 20623-20633.
Fathi H, Ebrahimzadeh MA, Ziar A and Mohammadi H. 2015. Oxidative damage induced by retching; antiemetic and neuroprotective role of Sambucus ebulus L. Cell Biology and Toxicology 31: 231-239.
Feshanghchi M, Baghban-Kanani P, Kashefi-Motlagh B, Adib F, Azimi-Youvalari S, Hosseintabar-Ghasemabad B, Seidavi A and Tufarelli V. 2022. Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum), Marine Algae (Spirulina platensis) and toxin binder powders in the diets of broiler chickens exposed to aflatoxin-B1: Growth performance, humoral immune response and cecal microbiota. Agriculture 12(6): 805.
Floares D, Obistioiu D, Hulea A, Suleiman MA, Popescu I, Berbecea A and Radulov I. 2025. Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Properties of Sambucus nigra L.(Elderflower) Oil: A Molecular Docking and Biochemical Study. Agronomy 15(2): 310.
Hosseini Shekarabi SP, Shahrokni S, Nazari K, Shamsaie Mehrgan M and Toutounchi Mashhour S. 2021. Effects of dietary dwarf elder (Sambucus ebulus) extract on growth performance, survival rate and immunological responses of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Iranian Scientific Fisheries Journal 30(1): 83-92.
Hosseintabar B, Dadashbeiki M, Bouyeh M, Seidavi A, van den Hoven R and Gamboa S. 2015. Effect of different levels of L-carnitine and lysine-methionine on broiler blood parameters. Revista MVZ Córdoba 20(3): 4698-4708.
Hosseintabar-Ghasemabad B, Baghban-Kanani P and Seidavi A. 2024a. Heat Stress in Broiler Chickens. Animal Science Cases ascs20240008.
Hosseintabar-Ghasemabad B, Di Rosa AR, Janmohammadi H, Slozhenkina MI, Gorlov IF, Mosolov AA, Seidavi A and Phillips CJC. 2024b. The potential of amaranth grain for feeding to poultry. World's Poultry Science Journal 80(2): 481-509.
Hosseintabar-Ghasemabad B, Janmohammadi H, Hosseinkhani A, Amirdahri S, Baghban-Kanani P, Gorlov IF, Slozhenkina MI, Mosolov AA, Ramirez LS and Seidavi A. 2022. Effects of using processed Amaranth Grain with and without enzyme on performance, Egg Quality, antioxidant status and lipid Profile of blood and yolk cholesterol in laying hens. Animals 12(22): 3123.
Hosseintabar-Ghasemabad B, Kvan OV, Sheida EV, Bykov AV, Zigo F, Seidavi A and Salem AZM. 2024c. Nano selenium in broiler feeding: physiological roles and nutritional effects. AMB Express 14(1): 117.
Ivanova D, Tasinov O and Kiselova-Kaneva Y. 2014. Improved lipid profile and increased serum antioxidant capacity in healthy volunteers after Sambucus ebulus L. fruit infusion consumption. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition 65(6): 740-744.
Janmohammadi H, Hosseintabar-Ghasemabad B, Oliyai M, Alijani S, Gorlov IF, Slozhenkina MI, Seidavi A and Ragni M. 2023. Effect of dietary amaranth (Amaranthus hybridus chlorostachys) supplemented with enzyme blend on egg quality, serum biochemistry and antioxidant status in laying hens. Antioxidants 12(2): 456.
Jiménez P, Tejero J, Cordoba-Diaz D, Quinto EJ, Garrosa M, Gayoso MJ and Girbés T. 2015. Ebulin from dwarf elder (Sambucus ebulus L.): a mini-review. Toxins 7(3): 648-658.
Karimi S, Mohammadi A and Dadras H. 2014. The effect of Echinacea purpurea and Sambucus nigra L. on H9N2 avian influenza virus in infected chicken embryo. Veterinarski Arhives 84(2): 153-165.
Kianfar R, Di Rosa AR, Divari N, Janmohammadi H, Hosseintabar-Ghasemabad B, Oteri M, Gorlov IF, Slozhenkina MI, Mosolov AA and Seidavi A. 2023. A Comparison of the Effects of Raw and Processed Amaranth Grain on Laying Hens’ Performance, Egg Physicochemical Properties, Blood Biochemistry and Egg Fatty Acids. Animals 13(8): 1394.
Kinoshita E, Hayashi K, Katayama H, Hayashi T and Obata A. 2012. Anti-influenza virus effects of elderberry juice and its fractions. Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biochemistry, 76(9): 1633-1638.
Kiselova-Kaneva Y, Nashar M, Roussev B, Salim A, Hristova M, Olczyk P, Komosinska-Vassev K, Dincheva I, Badjakov I, Badjakov B, and Ivanova D. 2023. Sambucus ebulus (Elderberry) fruits modulate inflammation and complement system activity in humans. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24(10): 8714.
Korver DR. 2012. Implications of changing immune function through nutrition in poultry. Animal Feed Science and Technology 173(1-2): 54-64.
Li Y, Xu S, Giles A, Nakamura K, Lee JW, Hou X and Zang M. 2011. Hepatic overexpression of SIRT1 in mice attenuates endoplasmic reticulum stress and insulin resistance in the liver. The FASEB Journal 25(5): 1664-1679.
Madhulika Meinam M, Deepti M, Ngasotter S, Gupta SS Varghese T. 2025. Functional Feed Additives in Aquaculture to Improve Food Security. In Food Security, Nutrition and Sustainability Through Aquaculture Technologies (pp. 375-396). Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland.
Matés JM, Pérez-Gómez C and De Castro IN. 1999. Antioxidant enzymes and human diseases. Clinical Biochemistry 32(8): 595-603.
Merecz-Sadowska A, Sitarek P, Zajdel K, Sztandera W and Zajdel R. 2024. Genus Sambucus: Exploring its potential as a functional food ingredient with neuroprotective properties mediated by antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25(14): 7843.
Mocanu ML and Amariei S. 2022. Elderberries-A Source of Bioactive Compounds with Antiviral Action. Plants 11(6): 740.
Movahhedkhah S, Rasouli B, Seidavi A, Mazzei D, Laudadio V and Tufarelli V. 2019. Summer savory (Satureja hortensis L.) extract as natural feed additive in broilers: Effects on growth, plasma constituents, immune response, and ileal microflora. Animals 9(3): 87.
Nguyen MA, Favelyukis S, Nguyen AK, Reichart D, Scott PA, Jenn A and Olefsky JM. 2007. A subpopulation of macrophages infiltrates hypertrophic adipose tissue and is activated by free fatty acids via Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 and JNK-dependent pathways. Journal of Biological Chemistry 282(48): 35279-35292.
Olefsky JM and Glass CK. 2010. Macrophages, inflammation, and insulin resistance. Annual Review of Physiology 72: 219-246.
Ozcan U, Cao Q, Yilmaz E, Lee AH, Iwakoshi NN, Ozdelen E Hotamisligil GS. 2004. Endoplasmic reticulum stress links obesity, insulin action, and type 2 diabetes. Science 306(5695): 457-461.
Pascariu OE and Israel-Roming F. 2022. Bioactive Compounds from Elderberry: Extraction, Health Benefits, and Food Applications. Processes 10(11): 2288.
Phillips CJ, Hosseintabar-Ghasemabad B, Gorlov IF, Slozhenkina MI, Mosolov AA and Seidavi A. 2023. Immunomodulatory effects of natural feed additives for meat chickens. Life 13(6): 1287.
Saeedi SS. 2010. The chemistry, pharmacology and clinical properties of Sambucus ebulus: A review. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 4(2): 095-103.
Saravi SSS and Shokrzadeh M. 2009. Anti-inflammatory, toxic effects, biochemical and pathological analysis in presence or lack of vitamins C and E, and cytotoxicity of n-hexane, methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts of Sambucus ebulus. Toxicology Letters (189): S166-S167.
Seidavi A, Hosseintabar-Ghasemabad B and Di Rosa AR. 2023a. The effects of feed additives on the immune system of poultry. In Sustainable use of feed additives in livestock: novel ways for animal production (pp. 497-526). Cham: Springer International Publishing.
Seidavi A, Hosseintabar-Ghasemabad B, Gorlov IF, Slozhenkina MI, Mosolov AA, Oteri M, Chiofalo B and Liotta L. 2023b. Feed Additives and Future Perspectives. In Sustainable Use of Feed Additives in Livestock: Novel Ways for Animal Production (pp. 929-961). Cham: Springer International Publishing.
Seidavi A, Hosseintabar-Ghasemabad B, Gorlov IF, Slozhenkina MI, Mosolov AA, Oteri M, Chiofalo B and Liotta L. 2023c. Feed Additives and Future Perspectives. In Sustainable Use of Feed Additives in Livestock: Novel Ways for Animal Production (pp. 929-961). Cham: Springer International Publishing.
Selim S, Abdel-Megeid NS, Khalifa HK, Fakiha KG, Majrashi KA and Hussein E. 2022. Efficacy of various feed additives on performance, nutrient digestibility, bone quality, blood constituents, and phosphorus absorption and utilization of broiler chickens fed low phosphorus diet. Animals 12(14): 1742.
Seymenska D, Shishkova K, Hinkov A, Benbassat N, Teneva D and Denev P. 2023. Comparative study on phytochemical composition, antioxidant, and anti-HSV-2 Activities of Sambucus nigra L. and Sambucus ebulus L. Extracts. Applied Sciences 13(23): 12593.
Shabani S, Seidavi A Asadpour L and Corazzin M. 2015. Effects of physical form of diet and intensity and duration of feed restriction on the growth performance, blood variables, microbial flora, immunity, and carcass and organ characteristics of broiler chickens. Livestock Science 180: 150-157.
Shokrzadeh M and Saravi SS. 2010. The chemistry, pharmacology and clinical properties of Sambucus ebulus: A review. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 4(2): 095-103.
Sun ZM, Guan P, Luo LF, Qin LY, Wang N, Zhao YS and Ji ES. 2020. Resveratrol protects against CIH-induced myocardial injury by targeting Nrf2 and blocking NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Life Sciences 245: 117362.
Tasinov O, Dincheva I, Badjakov I, Kiselova-Kaneva Y, Galunska B, Nogueiras R and Ivanova D. 2021. Phytochemical Composition, Anti-Inflammatory and ER Stress-Reducing Potential of Sambucus ebulus L. Fruit Extract. Plants 10(11): 2446.
Tasinov OB, Kiselova-Kaneva YD and Ivanova DG. 2020b. Effects of dwarf elder fruit infusion on nuclear factor kappa B and glutathione metabolism-related genes transcription in a model of lipopolysaccharides challenged macrophages. Bulgarian Chemical Communications 52: 68-74.
Tasinov OB, Vankova DG, Nazifova-Tasinova NF, Pasheva MG, Kiselova YD, Sokrateva TD and Ivanova DG. 2020a. Cytotoxicity of water from five Bulgarian wetlands contaminated by toxigenic cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins. Bulgarian Chemical Communications 52: 257-262.
Todorova M, Tasinov O, Pasheva M, Vankova D, Ivanova D, Galunska B and Kiselova-Kaneva Y. 2019. Cytoprotective activity of Sambucus ebulus fruit extracts in conditions of oxidative tert-buthyl-hydroperoxyde induced cell toxicity. Bulgarian Chemical Communications 51: 125-130.
Tufarelli V, Baghban-Kanani P, Azimi-Youvalari S, Hosseintabar-Ghasemabad B, Slozhenkina M, Gorlov I, Seidavi A and Laudadio V. 2021. Effects of horsetail (Equisetum arvense) and spirulina (Spirulina platensis) dietary supplementation on laying hens productivity and oxidative status. Animals 11(2): 335.
Tufarelli V, Baghban-Kanani P, Azimi-Youvalari S, Hosseintabar-Ghasemabad B, Slozhenkina M, Gorlov I, Viktoronova FM, Seidavi A and Laudadio V. 2022. Effect of dietary flaxseed meal supplemented with dried tomato and grape pomace on performance traits and antioxidant status of laying hens. Animal Biotechnology 33(7): 1525-1532.
World’s Poultry Science Association. 1986. European Table of Energy Values for Poultry Feedstuffs. 1st ed. Subcommittee Energy of the Working Group no. 2 Nutrition of the European Federation of Branches of the WPSA. The Netherlands: Wageningen.
Yeşilada E, Gürbüz İ and Shibata H. 1999. Screening of Turkish anti-ulcerogenic folk remedies for anti-Helicobacter pylori activity. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 66(3): 289-293.
Zahmanov G, Alipieva K, Denev P, Todorov D, Hinkov A, Shishkov S and Georgiev MI. 2015. Flavonoid glycosides profiling in dwarf elder fruits (Sambucus ebulus L.) and evaluation of their antioxidant and anti-herpes simplex activities. Industrial Crops and Products 63: 58-64.
Zaker Esteghamati H, Seidavi A and Bouyeh M. 2021. The effects of Cynara scolymus and Silybum marianum on growth, carcass and organ characteristics, immunity, blood constitutes, liver enzymes, jejunum morphology, and fatty acid profile of breast meat in broilers. Food Science and Nutrition 9(12): 6692-6706.
Zargari A. 1997. Medicinal plants. Tehran University of Medical Sciences Press, pp. 659.
Zhang K and Kaufman RJ. 2008. From endoplasmic-reticulum stress to the inflammatory response. Nature 454(7203):455-462. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 378 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 41 |
||