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مطالعه تطبیقی کنشهای اجتماعی ماکس وبر و ویژگیهای کنش کارآفرینانه | ||
| جامعه شناسی اقتصادی و توسعه | ||
| دوره 14، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 27، شهریور 1404، صفحه 51-80 اصل مقاله (910.14 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: توصیفی تحلیلی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22034/jeds.2025.65730.1848 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| زینب محمدی* 1؛ فرهاد بیانی2 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دکتری کارآفرینی، دانشکده کارآفرینی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران | ||
| 2استادیار گروه مطالعات علم و فناوری، پژوهشگاه مطالعات فرهنگی، اجتماعی و تمدنی، تهران، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| هدف پژوهش: این مقاله به مقایسه کنش کارآفرینانه با چهار نوع کنش اجتماعی و کنش اقتصادی از دیدگاه ماکس وبر[1] پرداخته است. در این راستا، ابتدا ویژگیهای کنشهای اجتماعی شامل کنش عقلانی معطوف به هدف، عقلانی معطوف به ارزش، عاطفی و سنتی بررسی شد و سپس تفاوتها و شباهتهای این کنشها با کنش کارآفرینانه مورد تحلیل قرار گرفت. روش پژوهش: این تحقیق به روش تحلیلی-توصیفی انجام شده و دادهها از طریق بررسی و تحلیل ادبیات و مستندات موجود در حوزه کنشهای اجتماعی وبر جمعآوری شدهاند. یافتهها: پیافته های ژوهش نشان داد که کنش کارآفرینانه از جنبه عقلانی و هدفمند شباهتهایی با کنشهای عقلانی معطوف به هدف و اقتصادی دارد، اما از جنبههای عاطفی و سنتی تفاوتهای چشمگیری را نشان میدهد. نتایج پژوهش نشان دادهاست که در مقایسه با کنش عقلانی معطوف به هدف، کنش کارآفرینانه به محیطهای نامطمئن و تغییرات اجتماعی توجه بیشتری دارد و به فرآیند تکراری متکی نیست. در مقایسه با کنش عقلانی معطوف به ارزش، کنش کارآفرینانه هدفهای متعدد را انتخاب کرده و پیامدهای آنها را با توجه به نیازهای بازار و مشتریان ارزیابی میکند. همچنین، در مقایسه با کنش عاطفی، کنش کارآفرینانه به ارزیابی منطقی و اطلاعاتی وابسته است و برخلاف کنش سنتی که مبتنی بر عادات است، بر نوآوری و خلاقیت تأکید دارد. نتیجهگیری: براساس یافته ها می توان نتیجه گرفت کنش کارآفرینانه با ویژگیهای عقلانی و هدفمند به برخی از انواع کنشهای وبر شباهت دارد، اگرچه تفاوتهای قابل توجهی با سایر انواع کنشها، به ویژه کنشهای عاطفی و سنتی دارد.  | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| انواع کنش؛ کنش اجتماعی ماکس وبر؛ کنش اقتصادی؛ کنش کارآفرینانه | ||
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| مراجع | ||
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