Understanding Brain Rot: a processual and philosophical analysis through Avicenna’s hierarchy of intellect

Aitken, A., Jounghani, A. R., Carbonell, L. M., Kumar, A., Crawford, S., Bowden, A., & Hosseini, S. M. H. (2024). The Effect of Social Media Consumption on Emotion and Executive Functioning in College Students: an fNIRS Study in Natural Environment. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5604862/v1

Al-Farabi, A. N. (1985). Al-Madīna al-Fāḍilah. Dār al-Maʿārif.

Al-Ghazali, A. H. (1997). Tahāfut al-Falāsifah. Dār al-Maʿārif.

Ali, Z., Janarthanan, J., & Mohan, (2024). Understanding Digital Dementia and Cognitive Impact in the Current Era of the Internet: A Review. Cureus. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.70029

Bell, I., Pot-Kolder, R. M. C. A., Wood, S. J., Nelson, B., Acevedo, N., Stainton, A., Nicol, K., Kean, J., Bryce, S., Bartholomeusz, C. F., Watson, A., Schwartz, O., Daglas-Georgiou, R., Walton, C. C., Martin, D., Simmons, M., Zbukvic, I., Thompson, A., Nicholas, J., … Allott, K. (2022). Digital technology for addressing cognitive impairment in recent-onset psychosis: A perspective. Schizophrenia Research: Cognition, 28, 100247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scog.2022.100247

Black, D. (1990). Logic and Aristotle’s Rhetoric and Poetics in Medieval Arabic Philosophy. Brill.

Chen, J. (2025). Digital amnesia: machine unlearning and the fragility of cultural memory. AI & SOCIETY. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-025-02308-8

Chiossi, F., Haliburton, L., Ou, C., Butz, A. M., & Schmidt, A. (2023). Short-Form Videos Degrade Our Capacity to Retain Intentions: Effect of Context Switching On Prospective Memory. Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3580778

Fazeli, S. A. (2019). Avicenna’s View on the Role of Practical Intellect in Performing Moral Action. Journal of Philosophical Theological Research, 21(3), 148. https://doi.org/10.22091/jptr.2019.4730.2197

Hennig, B. (2022). Avicenna on Human Self-Intellection. Arabic Sciences and Philosophy, 32(2), 179–199. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0957423922000029

Hennig, B. (2024). Avicenna’s Agent Intellect as a Completing Cause. History of Philosophy Quarterly, 41(1), 45–72. https://doi.org/10.5406/21521026.41.1.03

Jamali, M., Golshani, M., & Jamali, Y. (2019). A Proposed Mechanism for Mind–Brain Interaction Using Extended Bohmian Quantum Mechanics in Avicenna’s Monotheistic Perspective. Heliyon, 5(7), e02130.

Khalaf, A. M., Alubied, A. A., Khalaf, A. M., & Rifaey, A. A. (2023). The Impact of Social Media on the Mental Health of Adolescents and Young Adults: A Systematic Review. Cureus. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.42990

Kukreja, S., Chawla, N., & Sagar, R. (2025). Brain rot – More than just a passing linguistic trend. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 106, 104441. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2025.104441

León Méndez, M., Padrón, I., Fumero, A., & Marrero, R. J. (2024). Effects of internet and smartphone addiction on cognitive control in adolescents and young adults: A systematic review of fMRI studies. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 159, 105572. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105572

Mahmudah, K. N. L., & Suyadi. (2020). Akal Bertingkat Ibnu Sina dan Taksonomi Bloom dalam Pendidikan Islam Perspektif Neurosains. Edukasia Islamika, 5(1), 121–138. https://doi.org/10.28918/jei.v5i1.1064

Manwell, L. A., Tadros, M., Ciccarelli, T. M., & Eikelboom, R. (2022). Digital dementia in the internet generation: excessive screen time during brain development will increase the risk of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias in adulthood. Journal of Integrative Neuroscience, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.31083/j.jin2101028

Momeni, M. (2021). The Position of Sense in Ibn Sina’s Epistemology (The Empiricism of Avicenna). Journal of Philosophical Investigations, 15(36), 344–356.

Muppalla, S. K., Vuppalapati, S., Reddy Pulliahgaru, A., & Sreenivasulu, H. (2023). Effects of Excessive Screen Time on Child Development: An Updated Review and Strategies for Management. Cureus. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.40608

Musa, N., Mukhtaruddin, & Bakkara, V. F. (2023). The Effects of Digital Amnesia on Knowledge Construction and Memory Retention. Khizanah Al-Hikmah : Jurnal Ilmu Perpustakaan, Informasi, Dan Kearsipan, 11(2), 313–326. https://doi.org/10.24252/kah.v11i2cf1

Nasr, S. H. (1993). An introduction to Islamic cosmological doctrines. State University of New York Press.

Oxford University Press. (2024). Brain rot named Oxford Word of the Year 2024. https://corp.oup.com/news/brain-rot-named-oxford-word-of-the-year-2024/

Rahman, F. (1952). The Psychology of Avicenna: A Translation of Kitāb al-Najāt, Book II, Chapter VI. Oxford University Press.

Rosen, L. D., Carrier, L. M., Pedroza, J. A., Elias, S., O’Brien, K. M., Karina Kim, J. L., Cheever, N. A., Bentley, J., & Ruiz, A. (2018). The Role of Executive Functioning and Technological Anxiety (FOMO) in College Course Performance as Mediated by Technology Usage and Multitasking Habits. Psicología Educativa, 24(1), 14–25. https://doi.org/10.5093/psed2018a3

Sadra, M. (1981). Al-Asfār al-Arbaʿah (Vol. 1). Dār al-Maʿārif.

Shahrzadi, L., Mansouri, A., Alavi, M., & Shabani, A. (2024). Causes, consequences, and strategies to deal with information overload: A scoping review. International Journal of Information Management Data Insights, 4(2), 100261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jjimei.2024.100261

Sīnā, I. (1960). Al-Shifā’: al-Nafs (I. M. et al., Ed.). al-Hayʾah al-Miṣriyyah al-ʿĀmmah li al-Kitāb.

Sīnā, I. (1968). Al-Ishārāt wa-al-Tanbīhāt (S. Dunyā & N. al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī, Eds.). Dār al-Maʿārif. https://worldcat.org/title/21500710

Sīnā, I. (1985). Al-Najāt (M. Fakhrī, Ed.). Dār al-Āfāq al-Jadīda.

Skulmowski, A., & Xu, K. M. (2022). Understanding Cognitive Load in Digital and Online Learning: a New Perspective on Extraneous Cognitive Load. Educational Psychology Review, 34(1), 171–196. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-021-09624-7

Spitzer, M. (2012). Digital Dementia: What We and Our Children Do to Our Minds. Experiment.

Thoreau, H. D. (2006). Walden. Yale University Press.

Yousef, A. M. F., Alshamy, A., Tlili, A., & Metwally, A. H. S. (2025). Demystifying the New Dilemma of Brain Rot in the Digital Era: A Review. Brain Sciences, 15(3), 283. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15030283

Zeyrek, I., Tabara, M. F., & Çakan, M. (2024). Exploring the Relationship of Smartphone Addiction on Attention Deficit, Hyperactivity Symptoms, and Sleep Quality Among University Students: A Cross‐Sectional Study. Brain and Behavior, 14(11). https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70137