
تعداد نشریات | 45 |
تعداد شمارهها | 1,397 |
تعداد مقالات | 17,051 |
تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 54,983,769 |
تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 17,461,756 |
بررسی نقش واسطهای همدلی در رابطه بین هویت اخلاقی و مهارگری تلاشگر با رفتارهای ضداجتماعی در نوجوانان | ||
فصلنامه پژوهش های نوین روانشناختی | ||
مقاله 11، دوره 20، شماره 78، تیر 1404، صفحه 145-159 اصل مقاله (786.89 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22034/jmpr.2025.64895.6569 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
سارا طراویان1؛ فریبرز نیکدل* 2؛ علی تقوائی نیا2 | ||
1کارشناس ارشد روانشناسی تربیتی، گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه یاسوج، یاسوج، ایران | ||
2گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه یاسوج، یاسوج، ایران | ||
چکیده | ||
هدف از پژوهش حاضر، بررسی نقش واسطهای همدلی در رابطه بین هویت اخلاقی و مهارگری تلاشگر با رفتارهای ضداجتماعی در دانشآموزان دبیرستانی شهر شیراز بود. جامعه آماری تمامی دانشآموزان مقطع متوسطه دوم شهر شیراز در سال تحصیلی 1402-1401 بودند که از این جامعه، نمونهای به حجم 567 نفر به روش تصادفی خوشهای چند مرحلهای انتخاب شدند. ابزارهای پژوهش پرسشنامههای هویت اخلاقی آکینو و رید (2002)، پرسشنامه مهارگری تلاشگر الیس و رتبارت (2001)، پرسشنامه همدلی تورنتو (2009) و پرسشنامه رفتارهای ضداجتماعی بارت و دونلان (2009) بودند که در میان افراد نمونه توزیع گردید. ارزیابی مدل پیشنهادی با استفاده از تحلیل مسیر و در نرم افزارهای SPSS-24 و AMOS-24 انجام گرفت. یافتهها نشان داد الگوی پیشنهادی از برازش خوبی با دادهها برخوردار است و اثر مستقیم هویت اخلاقی بر همدلی (β = 1/58, p = 0/001) و همدلی بر رفتارهای ضداجتماعی (β = -0/59, p = 0/001) معنیدار و هویت اخلاقی بر رفتارهای ضداجتماعی (β = -0/03, p = 0/81)، مهارگری تلاشگر بر همدلی (β = 0/02, p = 0/92) و مهارگری تلاشگر بر رفتارهای ضداجتماعی (β = -0/04, p = 0/75) غیرمعنیدار میباشد. دیگر یافتهها نشان داد همدلی در رابطه هویت اخلاقی و رفتارهای ضداجتماعی (β = -0/53, p = 0/001) نقش واسطهای دارد اما همدلی در رابطه مهارگری تلاشگر و رفتارهای ضداجتماعی (β = -0/01, p = 0/91) نقش واسطهای ندارد. به این ترتیب، تقویت هویت اخلاقی و همدلی میتوانند به عنوان راهبردهای مؤثر برای مقابله با رفتارهای ضداجتماعی عمل کند. این دو عامل میتوانند به افزایش درک و احترام متقابل در جامعه کمک کرده و به نوبه خود، به کاهش تعارضات و ترویج روابط سالمتر منجر شوند. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
هویت اخلاقی؛ مهارگری تلاشگر؛ همدلی؛ رفتارهای ضداجتماعی؛ نوجوان | ||
مراجع | ||
Allemand, M., Steiger, A. E., & Fend, H. A. (2015). Empathy development in adolescence predicts social competencies in adulthood. Journal of personality, 83(2), 229-241. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12098 Aquino, K., & Reed II, A. (2002). The self-importance of moral identity. Journal of personality and social psychology, 83(6), 1423-1440. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.83.6.1423 Aquino, K., Freeman, D., Reed II, A., Lim, V. K., & Felps, W. (2009). Testing a social-cognitive model of moral behavior: the interactive influence of situations and moral identity centrality. Journal of personality and social psychology, 97(1), 123-141. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/a0015406 Assink, M., van der Put, C. E., Hoeve, M., de Vries, S. L., Stams, G. J. J., & Oort, F. J. (2015). Risk factors for persistent delinquent behavior among juveniles: A meta-analytic review. Clinical psychology review, 42, 47-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2015.08.002 Batson, C. D., Fultz, J., & Schoenrade, P. A. (1987). Distress and empathy: Two qualitatively distinct vicarious emotions with different motivational consequences. Journal of personality, 55(1), 19-39. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1987.tb00426.x Baumeister, R. F., Vohs, K. D., & Tice, D. M. (2007). The strength model of self-control. Current directions in psychological science, 16(6), 351-355. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8721.2007.00534.x Bernazzani, O., Côté, C., & Tremblay, R. E. (2001). Early parent training to prevent disruptive behavior problems and delinquency in children. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 578(1), 90-103. https://doi.org/10.1177/000271620157800106 Boegershausen, J., Aquino, K, & Reed II, A. (2015). Moral identity. Current Opinion in Psychology, 6(1), 162–166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2015.07.017 Brazil, K. J., Volk, A. A., & Dane, A. V. (2023). Is empathy linked to prosocial and antisocial traits and behavior? It depends on the form of empathy. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science/Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement, 55(1), 75-80. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/cbs0000330 Brennan, L. M., & Shaw, D. S. (2013). Revisiting data related to the age of onset and developmental course of female conduct problems. Clinical child and family psychology review, 16, 35-58. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-012-0125-8 Burt, S. A., & Donnellan, M. B. (2009). Development and validation of the Subtypes of Antisocial Behavior Questionnaire. Aggressive Behavior: Official Journal of the International Society for Research on Aggression, 35(5), 376-398. https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.20314 Burt, S. A., Hyde, L. W., Frick, P. J., Jaffee, S. R., Shaw, D. S., & Tremblay, R. (2018). Commentary: Childhood conduct problems are a public health crisis and require resources: a commentary on Rivenbark et al. Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, 59(6), 711-713. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12930 Calkins, S. D., & Keane, S. P. (2009). Developmental origins of early antisocial behavior. Development and psychopathology, 21(4), 1095-1109. https://doi.org/10.1017/S095457940999006X Carlo, G., Mestre, M. V., McGinley, M. M., Samper, P., Tur, A., & Sandman, D. (2012). The interplay of emotional instability, empathy, and coping on prosocial and aggressive behaviors. Personality and Individual Differences, 53(5), 675-680. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2012.05.022 Compas, B. E., Connor-Smith, J., & Jaser, S. S. (2004). Temperament, stress reactivity, and coping: Implications for depression in childhood and adolescence. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 33(1), 21-31. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15374424JCCP3301_3 Connolly, E. J., Schwartz, J. A., & Block, K. (2022). The role of poor sleep on the development of self-control and antisocial behavior from adolescence to adulthood. Journal of Criminal Justice, 82, 101995. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2022.101995 Cook, E. C., Pflieger, J. C., Connell, A. M., & Connell, C. M. (2015). Do specific transitional patterns of antisocial behavior during adolescence increase risk for problems in young adulthood?. Journal of abnormal child psychology, 43, 95-106. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-014-9880-y Dembo, R., Wareham, J., Poythress, N., Meyers, K., & Schmeidler, J. (2008). Psychosocial functioning problems over time among high-risk youths: A latent class transition analysis. Crime & Delinquency, 54(4), 644-670. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011128707306016 Dennis, T. A., & Brotman, L. M. (2003). Effortful control, attention, and aggressive behavior in preschoolers at risk for conduct problems. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1008(1), 252-255. https://doi.org/10.1196/annals.1301.026 Eisenberg, N., & Morris, A. S. (2001). The origins and social significance of empathy-related responding. A review of empathy and moral development: implications for caring and justice by ML Hoffman. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012579805721 Eisenberg, N., Fabes, R. A., Shepard, S. A., Murphy, B. C., Jones, S., & Guthrie, I. K. (1998). Contemporaneous and longitudinal prediction of children's sympathy from dispositional regulation and emotionality. Developmental psychology, 34(5), 910-924. https://doi.org/10.1037//0012-1649.34.5.910 Ellis, L. K., & Rothbart, M. K. (2001). Revision of the early adolescent temperament questionnaire. In Poster presented at the 2001 biennial meeting of the society for research in child development, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Evans, D. E., & Rothbart, M. K. (2007). Developing a model for adult temperament. Journal of research in personality, 41(4), 868-888. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2006.11.002 FeldmanHall, O., Dalgleish, T., Evans, D., & Mobbs, D. (2015). Empathic concern drives costly altruism. Neuroimage, 105, 347-356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.10.043 Georgiou, G., Demetriou, C. A., & Fanti, K. A. (2019). Distinct empathy profiles in callous unemotional and autistic traits: investigating unique and interactive associations with affective and cognitive empathy. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 47(11), 1863-1873. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-019-00562-1 Gubbels, J., Assink, M., & van der Put, C. E. (2024). Protective factors for antisocial behavior in youth: what is the meta-analytic evidence?. Journal of youth and adolescence, 53(2), 233-257. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-023-01878-4 Hardy, S. A., Krettenauer, T., & Hunt, N. (2020). Moral identity development. The Oxford handbook of moral development: An interdisciplinary perspective, 128-144. Hardy, S. A., Walker, L. J., Olsen, J. A., Woodbury, R. D., & Hickman, J. R. (2014). Moral identity as moral ideal self: links to adolescent outcomes. Developmental psychology, 50(1), 45-57. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/a0033598 Hertz, S. G., & Krettenauer, T. (2016). Does moral identity effectively predict moral behavior?: A meta-analysis. Review of General Psychology, 20(2), 129-140. https://doi.org/10.1037/gpr0000062 Jaffee, S. R., Caspi, A., Moffitt, T. E., Polo-Tomas, M., Price, T. S., & Taylor, A. (2004). The limits of child effects: evidence for genetically mediated child effects on corporal punishment but not on physical maltreatment. Developmental psychology, 40(6), 1047. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.40.6.1047 Javakhishvili, M., & Vazsonyi, A. T. (2022). Empathy, self-control, callous-unemotionality, and delinquency: unique and shared developmental antecedents. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 53(2), 389-402. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-021-01137-2 Jolliffe, D., & Farrington, D. P. (2021). Measuring empathy using the Basic Empathy scale. In Empathy versus Offending, Aggression and Bullying (pp. 1-7). Routledge. Keramati, H., Motaharnejad, E., Kadivar, P., & Arabzade, M. (2021). Investigating of factor structure, validity and reliability of the Effortful Control Scale (ECS) in Iranian adolescents. Journal of Psychological Science. 20(102), 837-848. [In persian] http://psychologicalscience.ir/article-1-1193-fa.html Klapwijk, E. T., van den Bos, W., & Güroğlu, B. (2017). Neural mechanisms of criminal decision making in adolescence. The Oxford handbook of offender decision making, 6, 246. Kokkinos, C. M., & Kipritsi, E. (2018). Bullying, moral disengagement and empathy: Exploring the links among early adolescents. Educational Psychology, 38(4), 535-552. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443410.2017.1363376 Kourmousi, N., Amanaki, E., Tzavara, C., Merakou, K., Barbouni, A., & Koutras, V. (2017). The Toronto empathy questionnaire: reliability and validity in a nationwide sample of Greek teachers. Social Sciences, 6(2), 62-76. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci6020062 Krol, S. A., & Bartz, J. A. (2022). The self and empathy: Lacking a clear and stable sense of self undermines empathy and helping behavior. Emotion, 22(7), 1554. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000943 Lee, L., & Madera, J. M. (2021). A within-level analysis of the effect of customer-focused perspective-taking on deep acting and customer helping behaviors: The mediating roles of negative affect and empathy. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 95, 102907. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2021.102907 Loeber, R., & Farrington, D. P. (2000). Young children who commit crime: Epidemiology, developmental origins, risk factors, early interventions, and policy implications. Development and psychopathology, 12(4), 737-762. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579400004107 Loeber, R., Slot, W., & Stouthamer-Loeber, M. (2016). A cumulative developmental model of risk and promotive factors. In Tomorrow's criminals (pp. 133-161). Routledge. Loeber, R., Wung, P., Keenan, K., Giroux, B., Stouthamer-Loeber, M., Van Kammen, W. B., & Maugham, B. (1993). Developmental pathways in disruptive child behavior. Development and psychopathology, 5(1-2), 103-133. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579400004296 Loukas, A., & Roalson, L. A. (2006). Family environment, effortful control, and adjustment among European American and Latino early adolescents. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 26(4), 432-455. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272431606291939 Lu, L., Huang, Y., & Luo, J. (2021). Leader forgiveness and employee’s unethical pro-organizational behavior: The roles of gratitude and moral identity. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 698802. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.698802 Luthar, S. S., Cicchetti, D., & Becker, B. (2000). The construct of resilience: A critical evaluation and guidelines for future work. Child development, 71(3), 543-562. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00164 Majd-Abadi, Z. (2018). Factor Structure and Internal Consistency of a Moral Identity Scale. Developmental Psychology (Journal of Iranian Psychologist), 14(54), 147-153. [In persian] https://jip.stb.iau.ir/article_539237.html McGee, T. R., Jolliffe, D., Eriksson, L., Bond, C. E., & Farrington, D. P. (2021). Low cognitive empathy and its relationship to relational, online, and physical aggression in young adults in Australia. Empathy versus Offending, Aggression and Bullying, 172-187. Memarian, E., Manavipour, D. & Sedaghati Fard, M. (2021). Toronto Empathy Questionnaire: Evaluation of Psychometric Properties in a Sample of Iranian Students. Social Cognition, 10(19), 177-194. [In persian] https://dor.isc.ac/dor/20.1001.1.23223782.1400.10.1.13.8 Moffitt, T. E., & Caspi, A. (2001). Childhood predictors differentiate life-course persistent and adolescence-limited antisocial pathways among males and females. Development and psychopathology, 13(2), 355-375. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579401002097 Mudrack, P. E. (2006). Moral reasoning and personality traits. Psychological reports, 98(3), 689-698. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.98.3.689-698 Narvey, C., Yang, J., Wolff, K. T., Baglivio, M., & Piquero, A. R. (2021). The interrelationship between empathy and adverse childhood experiences and their impact on juvenile recidivism. Youth violence and juvenile justice, 19(1), 45-67. https://doi.org/10.1177/1541204020939647 Orm, S., Vatne, T., Tomeny, T. S., & Fjermestad, K. (2022). Empathy and prosocial behavior in siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review. Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 9(2), 235-248. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40489-021-00251-0 Pilarska, A., & Baumeister, R. F. (2018). Psychometric properties and correlates of the Polish version of the Self-Control Scale (SCS). Polish Psychological Bulletin, 49(1), 95-106. https://doi.org/10.24425/119476 Piquero, A. R., Daigle, L. E., Gibson, C., Piquero, N. L., & Tibbetts, S. G. (2007). Research note: are life-course-persistent offenders at risk for adverse health outcomes?. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 44(2), 185-207. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022427806297739 Pozzoli, T., Gini, G., & Thornberg, R. (2016). Bullying and defending behavior: The role of explicit and implicit moral cognition. Journal of school psychology, 59, 67-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsp.2016.09.005 Righetti, F., & Finkenauer, C. (2011). If you are able to control yourself, I will trust you: the role of perceived self-control in interpersonal trust. Journal of personality and social psychology, 100(5), 874. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021827 Rodriguez, L. M., Martí-Vilar, M., Esparza Reig, J., & Mesurado, B. (2021). Empathy as a predictor of prosocial behavior and the perceived seriousness of delinquent acts: A cross-cultural comparison of Argentina and Spain. Ethics & Behavior, 31(2), 91-101. https://doi.org/10.1080/10508422.2019.1705159 Rothbart, M. K., & Bates, J. E. (2006). Temperament. In W. Damon, & N. Eisenberg (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology: Vol. 3. Social, emotional, and personality development (6th ed., pp. 105–176). New York: Wiley. Saulnier, L., & Krettenauer, T. (2023). Internet impropriety: Moral identity, moral disengagement, and antisocial online behavior within an early adolescent to young adult sample. Journal of adolescence, 95(2), 264-283. https://doi.org/10.1002/jad.12112 Spreng, R. N., McKinnon, M. C., Mar, R. A., & Levine, B. (2009). The Toronto Empathy Questionnaire: Scale development and initial validation of a factor-analytic solution to multiple empathy measures. Journal of personality assessment, 91(1), 62-71. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223890802484381 Tangney, J. P., Boone, A. L., & Baumeister, R. F. (2018). High self-control predicts good adjustment, less pathology, better grades, and interpersonal success. In Self-regulation and self-control (pp. 173-212). Routledge. Taravian, S., Nikdel, F., & Taghvaei Nia, A. (2024). Examining the Psychometric Indicators of Antisocial Behavior Questionnaire in Iranian Teenagers. RBS, 22 (2), 288-300. [In persian] http://rbs.mui.ac.ir/article-1-1725-fa.html Taylor, Z. E., Eisenberg, N., Spinrad, T. L., Eggum, N. D., & Sulik, M. J. (2013). The relations of ego-resiliency and emotion socialization to the development of empathy and prosocial behavior across early childhood. Emotion, 13(5), 822-831. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0032894 Teng, Z., Nie, Q., Zhu, Z., & Guo, C. (2020). Violent video game exposure and (Cyber) bullying perpetration among Chinese youth: The moderating role of trait aggression and moral identity. Computers in Human Behavior, 104, 106193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.106193 Van der Graaff, J., Carlo, G., Crocetti, E., Koot, H. M., & Branje, S. (2018). Prosocial behavior in adolescence: Gender differences in development and links with empathy. Journal of youth and adolescence, 47(5), 1086-1099. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-017-0786-1 Verstraeten, K., Vasey, M. W., Raes, F., & Bijttebier, P. (2009). Temperament and risk for depressive symptoms in adolescence: Mediation by rumination and moderation by effortful control. Journal of abnormal child psychology, 37, 349-361. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-008-9293-x Wang, F. L., Chassin, L., Eisenberg, N., & Spinrad, T. L. (2015). Effortful control predicts adolescent antisocial‐aggressive behaviors and depressive symptoms: Co‐occurrence and moderation by impulsivity. Child development, 86(6), 1812-1829. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12406 Wang, X., Lei, L., Yang, J., Gao, L., & Zhao, F. (2017). Moral disengagement as mediator and moderator of the relation between empathy and aggression among Chinese male juvenile delinquents. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 48, 316-326. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-016-0643-6 Wentzel, K. R. (2014). Prosocial behavior and peer relations in adolescence. In L. M. Padilla-Walker & G. Carlo (Eds.), prosocial development: A multidimensional approach (pp. 178–200). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. Winterich, K. P., Aquino, K., Mittal, V., & Swartz, R. (2013). When moral identity symbolization motivates prosocial behavior: the role of recognition and moral identity internalization. Journal of applied psychology, 98(5), 759-770. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0033177 | ||
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 14 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 15 |