Evaluation the impact of biofertilizers and nitrogen on some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) in two-plant intercropping | ||
| دانش کشاورزی وتولید پایدار | ||
| Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 20 January 2026 | ||
| Document Type: Research Paper | ||
| DOI: 10.22034/saps.2024.59595.3147 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Yaeghoub Raei* 1; Roghayyeh Ghahramani2; jalil Shafagh3; Younes Kheirizadeh-Arough4 | ||
| 1Department of Ecophysiology, Faculty og Agriculture, University of Tabriz | ||
| 2M.Sc. Graduate of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran | ||
| 3university of Tabriz | ||
| 4Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran | ||
| Abstract | ||
| This study was conducted to investigate the various proportions of safflower and soybean intercropping, as well as the use of biological fertilizers and their influence on lowering the use of chemical fertilizers and improving the yield and yield components of the two plants. A factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted in 2019. Experimental treatments included different planting ratios (sole cropping, 30% soybean + 100% safflower, 60% soybean + 100% safflower and 90% soybean + 100% safflower) and fertilizers treatments (100% urea fertilizer, Azoto-Barvar 1 + Phospho-Barvar 2 bio-fertilizer and the combined application of 50% urea and bio-fertilizer). The highest oil yield of safflower was obtained in the 30% soybean + 100% safflower and 60% soybean + 100% safflower ratios, which were 81.7% and 62.7% higher than compared to pure cultivation, respectively. The maximum oil yield in soybean came from a 90% soybean + 100% safflower, which increased by 13.8% when compared to pure plant culture. The highest oil yield of safflower belongs in the 30% soybean + 100% safflower and 60% soybean + 100% safflower, as well as the combined use of urea and biofertilizers. The highest ratio of LER (2.32) for grain yield was obtained in the 90% soybean + 100% safflower. Based on the findings of this study, the combined use of biological fertilizers and urea was found to be the most beneficial nutritional treatment for increasing the seed yield, oil percentage, and oil yield of safflower and soybean plants. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Land equivalent ratio; Oil; Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria; Pure culture; Urea | ||
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