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Consciousness and Cognition in Kant's First Critique | ||
| مجله پژوهش های فلسفی | ||
| مقاله 9، دوره 18، شماره 47، 1403، صفحه 139-160 اصل مقاله (1.07 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله علمی- پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22034/jpiut.2024.61729.3770 | ||
| نویسنده | ||
| Roberto Pereira* | ||
| Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil | ||
| چکیده | ||
| This paper has the ambitious aim to clarify the putative different meanings of "consciousness" in Kant's Critique, particularly focusing on the concept of apperception. Often misinterpreted merely as the potential for self-attributions of experiences and mental states—technically, as the individual's ability to knowingly refer to himself—such readings overlook the pivot role of transcendental apperception in bridging the inherent gap between nonconceptual content of sensible intuitions and the higher-level conceptual content of propositional attitudes, essential for reasoning and the rational control of actions. In this context, "consciousness" or "self-consciousness" means cognitive accessibility (in Block's sense). But Kant's texts reveal additional meanings of consciousness. Notably, "sensation" means the raw material of intuition when it is apprehended through a synthesis of imagination without conceptual determination, capturing the subjective "what-it-is-like" phenomenal aspect of perception. Conversely, its objective correlate—the ability to discriminate and single out objects from their surroundings—embodies what can be described as "de re awareness" of a yet conceptually undetermined object of intuition. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| Transcendental Consciousness؛ Access Consciousness؛ Nonconceptual Sensible Intuition؛ Cognition | ||
| مراجع | ||
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Anthr—Anthropology from a Pragmatic Point of View (Ak 7). Trans. V.L. Dowdell. Carbondale & Edwardsville: Southern Illinois University Press, 1978. BL—The Blomberg Logic, Ak. 24, in Lectures on Logic, edited and translated by J. Michael Young. Cambridge University Press, 1992, pp. 15-246. FSS—Die falsche Spitzfindigkeit der vier syllogistischen Figuren Ak. 2 (1762). The False Subtlety of the Four-Syllogistic Figures, translated by David Walford in collaboration with Ralf Meerbote. Edited by Paul Guyer and Allen W. Wood. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992. HN—Handschriftliche Nachlaß Ak. 14-19. Notes and Fragments, translated by Curtis Bowman, Paul Guyer, Frederick Rauscher, edited by Paul Guyer. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005. JL—Jäsche Logik, Ak. 9 (1800). Logic, edited by J. B., in Lectures on Logic, edited and translated by J. Michael Young. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992, pp. 521-640. VM—Vorlesungen über die Metaphysik Ak. 28 (1821). Lectures on Metaphysics edited and translated by Paul Guyer and Allen W. Wood. Cambridge University Press, 1997. Secondary Literature Baars, B. J. (1988). A Cognitive Theory of Consciousness. Cambridge University Press. Baker, L. R. (1998). The First-Person Perspective: A Test for Naturalism. American Philosophical Quarterly, 35 (4), 327–348. Block, N. (1995). On a confusion about a function of consciousness. Brain and Behavioral Sciences 18 (2),227–247. Block, N. (2023). The Border Between Seeing and Thinking. OUP USA. Burge, T. (2022). Perception: First Form of Mind. Oxford University Press. Cassam, Q. (1997). Self and World. Oxford University Press. Cramer, K. (1987). Über Kants Satz: Das: Ich denke, muß alle meine Vorstellungen begleiten können. In Theorie der Subjektivität, Edited by K. Cramer et al., Frankfurt am Main: 167–202. Cramer, K. (2014). Kant's "I think” and Fichte's "I am." Sententiae 31 (2),25-51. http://dx.doi.org/10.22240/sent31.02.025 Dehaene, & et al. (2006). Conscious, preconscious, and subliminal processing: A testable taxonomy. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 10(5), 204-211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2006.03.007 Gennaro, Rocco J. (1996). Consciousness and Self-Consciousness: A Defense of the Higher-Order Thought Theory of Consciousness. John Benjamins. Heidemann, D. H. (2012). The ‘I Think’ Has to Be Possible to Accompany All My Representations: Kant’s Theory of Apperception and the Unconscious. In book: Kant's Philosophy of the Unconscious (pp.37-60) http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110265408.37 Indregard, J. J. (2018). Consciousness as Inner Sensation: Crusius and Kant. Ergo: An Open Access Journal of Philosophy 5 (7), 173–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3998/ergo.12405314.0005.007 Leibniz, G. W. (1704). Nouveaux Essais sur l'Entendement Humain. In Die philosophischen Schriften von Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Vol. 5, Edited by C. I. Gerhardt. Flammarion Leibniz, G. W. (1714). Les Principes de la Philosophie ou la Monadologie. In Die philosophischen Schriften von Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Vol. 6, Edited by C. I. Gerhardt. Presses universitaires de France Longuenesse, B. (2006). Self-Consciousness and Consciousness of One’s Own Body. Variations on a Kantian Theme. Em: http://philosophy.fas.nyu.edu/docs/IO/2575/longuenesse.pdf Longuenesse, B. (2007). Kant’s ‘I think’ versus Descartes’ ‘I am a Thing that Thinks.’ In Kant and the Early Moderns, edited by Beatrice Longuenesse and Daniel Garber, 9–31. Princeton University Press. Longuenesse, B. (2012). Two Uses of 'I' as Subject? In Simon Prosser & François Recanati (Eds.), Immunity to Error through Misidentification. Cambridge University Presshttp. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00048402.2014.989243Longuenesse, B. (2017). I, Me, Mine: Back to Kant, and Back Again. Oxford University Press. Longuenesse, B. (2023). Kant on Consciousness and Its Limits. Revue de Métaphysique et de Morale, 117(1), 7-26 Rozzo, & M. Sgarbi (Eds.), Kant’s Philosophy of the Unconscious (pp. 37–60). de Gruyter. Strawson, P. F. (1959). Individuals: An Essay in Descriptive Metaphysics. Methuen. Strawson, P. F. (1966). The Bounds of Sense. Methuen. Tugendhat, E. (1979). Selbstbewusstsein und Selbstbestimmung. Sprachanalytische Interpretationen. English Translated by P. Stern. Self-Consciousness and Self-Determination. MIT Press, 1986. | ||
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