Effects of selenium nanoparticles and ancymidol on physiological responses of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni colonized by Piriformospora indica

Ahmed B, Hossain M, Islam R, Saha AK, and Mandal A, 2011. A review on natural sweetener plant stevia having medicinal and commercial importance. Agronomski Glasnik 73: 75-91.

Anjum NA, Umar S, Ahmad A, Iqbal M, and Khan NA, 2008. Ontogenic variation in response of Brassica campestris L. to cadmium toxicity. Journal of Plant Interactions 3(3): 189-198.

Arvy MP, Thiersault M, and Doireau P, 1995. Relationships between selenium, micronutrients, carbohydrates, and alkaloid accumulation in Catharanthus roseus cells. Journal of Plant Nutrition 18(8): 1535-1546.

Beauchamp C and Fridovich I, 1971. Superoxide dismutase: improved assays and applicable to acrylamide gels. Analytical Biochemistry 44: 276-287.

Bieleski RL and Ferguson IB, 1983. Physiology and metabolism of phosphate and its compounds. In: Lauchi A and Bieleski RL (eds). Encyclopaedia of Plant physiology. Inorganic Plant Nutrient. Pp. 422-429. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

Bourgaud F, Gravot A, Milesi S, and Gontier E, 2001. Production of plant secondary metabolites: a historical perspective. Plant Science 161: 839-851.

Bradford MM, 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantification of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry 72: 248-254.

Chan P, Tomlinson B, Chen YJ, Liu JC, Hsieh MH, and Cheng JT, 2005. Double-blind placebo-controlled study of the effectiveness and tolerability of oral stevioside in human hypertension. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 50: 215-220.

Chang CC, Yang MH, Wen, HM, and Chern JC, 2002. Estimation of total flavonoid content in propolis by two complementary colorimetric methods. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis 10(3): 178-182.

Chapman HD and Pratt PF, 1961. Methods of analysis for soils, plants and waters. University of California, Riverside, USA.

Chen J and Ziv M, 2001. The effect of ancymidol on hyperhydricity, regeneration, starch and antioxidant enzymatic activities in liquid-cultured Narcissus. Plant Cell Reports 20: 22-27.

Chen J and Ziv M, 2004. Ancymidol-enhanced hyperhydric malformation in relation to gibberellin and oxidative stress in liquid-cultured Narcissus leaves. In vitro Cell Developmental Biology-Plant 40(6): 613-616.

Cvikrova M, Mala J, Hrubcova M, Eder J, and Foretova S, 2008. Induced changes in phenolic acids and stilbenes in embryogenic cell cultures of Norway spruce by culture filtrate of Ascocalyx abietina. Journal of Plant Diseases Protection 115(2): 57-62.

Dalvi US, Naik RM, and Lokhande P, 2017. Antioxidant defense system in chickpea against drought stress at pre- and post- flowering stages. Indian Journal of Plant Physiology 23(1): 1-8.

Das A, Kamal S, Shakil NA, Sherameti I, Oelmüller R, Dua M, Tuteja N, Johri AK, and Varma A, 2012. The root endophyte fungus Piriformospora indica leads to early flowering, higher biomass and altered secondary metabolites of the medicinal plant Coleus forskohlii. Plant Signaling and Behavior 7(1): 103-112.

Dawson JH, 1992. Probing structure-function relations in heme containing oxygenases and peroxidases. Science 240: 433-439.

Djanaguiraman M, Belliraj N, Bossmann SH, and Vara PVV, 2018. High-temperature stress alleviation by selenium nanoparticle treatment in grain sorghum. ACS Omega 3: 2479-2491.

Djanaguiraman M, Devi DD, Shanker AK, Sheeba JA, and Bangarusamy U, 2005. Selenium-an antioxidative protectant in soybean during senescence. Plant and Soil 272: 77-86.

Eftekhari M, Alizadeh M, and Ebrahimi P, 2012. Evaluation of the total phenolics and quercetin content of foliage in mycorrhizal grape (Vitis vinifera L.) varieties and effect of postharvest drying on quercetin yield. Industrial Crop Production 38: 160-165.

Estrada B, Aroca R, Maathuis FJ, Barea JM, and Ruiz-Lozano JM, 2013. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi native from a Mediterranean saline area enhance maize tolerance to salinity through improved ion homeostasis. Plant, Cell and Environment 36(10): 1771-1782.

Gadzovska S, Maury S, Delaunay A, Spasenoski M, Joseph C, and Hagege D, 2007. Jasmonic acid elicitation of Hypericum perforatum L. cell suspensions and effects on the production of phenylpropanoids and naphtodianthrones. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture 89: 1-13.

Gao FK, Dai CC, and Liu XZ, 2010. Mechanisms of fungal endophytes in plant protection against pathogens. African Journal of Microbiology Research 4: 1346-1351.

Garcia-Mier L, Meneses-Reyes A, Jimenez-Garcia S, Mercado-Luna A, García-Trejo J, Contreras-Medina L, and Feregrino-Perez A, 2021. Polyphenol content and antioxidant activity of stevia and peppermint as a result of organic and conventional fertilization. Journal of Food Quality 2021: 6620446.

 Giovannetti M and Mosse B, 1980. An evaluation of techniques for measuring vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal infection in roots. New Phytologist 84: 489-500.

Golubkina N, Zamana S, Seredin T, Poluboyarinov P, Sokolov S, Baranova H, Krivenkov, L, Pietrantonio L, and Caruso G, 2019. Effect of selenium biofortification and beneficial microorganism inoculation on yield, quality and antioxidant properties of shallot bulbs. Plants 8(4): 102.

González LF, Rojas MC, and Perez FJ, 1999. Diferulate and lignin formation is related to biochemical differences of wall-bound peroxidases. Phytochemistry 50(5): 711-717.

Grossmann K, Schmidt HO, and Jung J, 1986. Changes in membrane permeability and mineral, phytohormone and polypeptide composition in rice suspension cells during growth and under the influence of the growth retardant tetcyclacis. Plant Cell Reports 5: 315-318.

Hajihashemi S, 2018. Physiological, biochemical, antioxidant and growth characterizations of gibberellin and paclobutrazol-treated sweet leaf (Stevia rebaudiana) herb. Journal of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology 27: 237-240.

Harinasut P, Poonsopa D, Roengmongkol K, and Charoensataporn R, 2003. Salinity effects on antioxidant enzymes in mulberry cultivars. Science 29: 109-113.

Hatfield DL, Tsuji PA, Carlson BA, and Gladyshev VN, 2014. Selenium and selenocysteine: roles in cancer, health, and development. Trends in Biochemical Sciences 39: 112-120.

Hawrylak-Nowak B, 2009. Enhanced selenium content in sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) by fertilization. Vegetable Crops Research Bulletin 69(1): 63-72.

He Z, He C, Zhang Z, Zou Z, and Wang H, 2007. Changes of antioxidative enzymes and cell membrane osmosis in tomato colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizae under NaCl stress. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 59(2): 128-133.

Heath RL and Packer L, 1968. Photoperoxidation in isolated chloroplasts. I. Kinetics and stoichiometry of fatty acid peroxidation. Archives in Biochemistry and Biophysics 125: 189-198.

Hoshyar Z, Abedi B, Ganji Moghadam E, and Davari Nejad G. 2017. Effect of arbuscular mycorrhiza on growth and physiological behavior of PHL-C rootstock. Journal of Plant Physiology and Breeding 7(1): 53-60.  

Hussein HAA, Darwesh OM, and Mekki BB, 2019. Environmentally friendly nano-selenium to improve antioxidant system and growth of groundnut cultivars under sandy soil conditions. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology 18: 101080.

Jiang S and Penne MH, 2019. The nature of β-cyclodextrin inhibition of potato polyphenol oxidase-catalyzed reactions. Food Chemistry 298: 125004.

Jianheng LI, Yajun Q, Junxiang QI, Hanqiu WU, and Xiaoyu Y, 2015. Effect of AM fungi and different selenium levels on the quality of Salvia miltiorrhiza BGE. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Research 8(41): 74-80.

Jiao J, Tsujita MJ, and Murr DP, 1986. Effects of paclobutrazol and ancymidol on growth, flowering, leaf carbohydrate and leaf senescence in ‘Nellie White’ Easter lily (Lilium longiflorum Thunb.). Scientia Horticulturae 30: 135-141.

Kabir AH, Hossain MM, Khatun MA, Mandal A, and Haider SA, 2016. Role of silicon counteracting cadmium toxicity in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Frontiers in Plant Science 7: 11-17.

Kapoor R and Singh N, 2017. Arbuscular mycorrhiza and reactive oxygen species. In: Wu Q-S (ed.). Arbuscular Mycorrhizas and Stress Tolerance of Plants. Pp. 225-243. Springer Nature, Singapore.

Karimi M, Ahmadi A, Hashemi J, Abbasi A, and Angelini LG, 2014. Effect of two plant growth retardants on steviol glycosides content and antioxidant capacity in stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni). Acta Physiologia Plantarum 36(5): 1211-1219.

Khalvandi M, Amerian M. Pirdashti H, Keramati S, and Hosseini J, 2019. Essential oil of peppermint in symbiotic relationship with Piriformospora indica and methyl jasmonate application under saline condition. Industrial Crops Production 127: 195-202.

Khatabi B, Molitor A, Lindermayr C, Pfiffi S, Durner J, von Wettstein D, Kogel KH, and Schäfer P, 2012. Ethylene supports colonization of plant roots by the mutualistic fungus Piriformospora indica. PLoS One 7(4): e35502.

Kinghorn AD, 1992. Food Ingredient Safety Review. Stevia rebaudiana leaves. Unpublished report submitted to the European Commission. 16: 3.

Kochert AG, 1978. Carbohydrate determination by the phenol-sulfuric acid method. In: Hellebust JA and Craigie JS (eds). Handbook of Phycological Methods: Physiological and Biochemical Methods. Pp. 95-97. Cambridge University Press, UK.

Kumari R, Kisan H, Bhoon YK, and Varma A, 2003. Colonization of cruciferous plants by Piriformospora indica. Current Science 85: 1672-1674.

Leamsamrong K, Tongjaroenbuangam W, Maneetong S, Chantiratikul A, Chinrasri O, and Chantiratiku P, 2019. Physicochemical contents, antioxidant activities, and acute toxicity assessment of selenium-enriched Chinese kale (Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra L.) seedlings. Journal of Chemistry 2019: 7983038.

Li Y, Zhu N, Liang X, Zheng L, Zhang C, Li Y-F, Zhang Z, Gao Y, and Zhao J, 2020. A comparative study on the accumulation, translocation, and transformation of selenite, selenate, and SeNPs in a hydroponic-plant system. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 189: 109955.

Liu KL and Gu ZX, 2009. Selenium accumulation in different brown rice cultivars and its distribution in fractions. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry 57: 695-700.

Meloni DA, Oliva MA, Martinez CA, and Cambraia J, 2003. Photosynthesis and activity of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and glutathione reductase in cotton under salt stress. Environmental and Experimental Botany 49: 69-76.

Mensah RA, Li D, Liu F, Tian N, Sun X, Hao X, Lai Z, and Cheng C, 2019. Versatile Piriformospora indica and its potential applications in horticultural crops. Horticultural Plant Journal 6(2): 111-121.

Miliauskas G, Venskutonis P, and Van Beek T, 2004. Screening of radical scavenging activity of some medicinal and aromatic plant extracts. Food Chemistry 85(2): 231-237.

Mitra D, Navendra U, Panneerselvam U, Ansuman S, Ganeshamurthy AN, and Divya J, 2019. Role of mycorrhiza and its associated bacteria on plant growth promotion and nutrient management in sustainable agriculture. Life Sciences and Applied Sciences 1(1): 1-10.

Mollavali M, Bolandnazar SA, Schwarz D, and Nahandi FZ, 2015. Flavonol glucoside and antioxidant enzyme biosynthesis affected by mycorrhizal fungi in various cultivars of onion (Allium cepa L.). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 64(1): 71-77.

Murashige T and Skoog F, 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiologia Plantarum 15: 473-497.

Nair R, Varghese SH, Nair BG, Maekawa T, Yoshida Y, and Kumar DS, 2010. Nanoparticulate material delivery to plants. Plant Science 179(3): 154-163.

Oprica L, Molchan O, and Grigore MN, 2018. Salinity and selenium nanoparticles effect on antioxidant system and malondialdehyde content in Ocimum basilicum seedlings. Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (4): 99-106.

Ozeki Y and Komamine A, 1985. Effects of inoculum density, zeatin and sucrose on anthocyanin accumulation in a carrot suspension culture. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture 5: 45-53.

Patil NM, 2010. Biofertilizer effect on growth, protein and carbohydrate content in Stevia rebaudiana var Bertoni. Recent Research in Science and Technology 2(10): 42-44.

Phillips JM and Hayman DS, 1970. Improved procedures for clearing roots and staining parasitic and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for rapid assessment of infection.  Transactions of the British Mycological Society 55: IN16-IN18.

Raymond J, Rakariyatham N, and Azanza JL, 1993. Purification and some properties of polyphenol oxidase from sunflower seeds. Phytochemistry 34: 927-931.

Redecker D, Kodner R, and Graham LE, 2000. Glomalean fungi from the Ordovician. Science 289: 1920-1921.

Römer W and Schilling G, 1986. Phosphorus requirements of the wheat plant in various stages of its life cycle. Plant and Soil 91(2): 221-229.

Ruiz JC, Moguel Ordoñez YB, Basto MA, and Segura Campos MR, 2015. Antioxidant capacity of leaf extracts from two Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni varieties adapted to cultivation in Mexico. Nutricion Hospitalaria 31(3): 1163-1170.

Seyed Sharifi R and Khalilzadeh R, 2018. Effects of cycocel on growth, some physiological traits and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under salt stress. Journal of Plant Physiology and Breeding 8(1): 11-23.

Shahabivand S and Aliloo A, 2016. Piriformospora indica promotes growth and antioxidant activities of wheat plant under cadmium stress. Journal of Agricultural Science 26(3): 333-340.

Shahabivand S, Aliloo A, and Zare Maivan H, 2016. Wheat biochemical response to cadmium toxicity under Funneliformis mosseae and Piriformospora indica symbiosis. Botanica Lithuanica 22(2): 169-177.

Sherameti I, Shahollari B, Venus Y, and Altschmied L, 2005. The endophytic fungus Piriformospora indica stimulates the expression of nitrate reductase and the starch degrading enzyme glucan-water dikinase in tobacco and Arabidopsis roots through a home domain transcription factor that binds to a conserved motif in their promoters. Journal of Biological Chemistry 280: 26241-26247.

Sieber F, Daziano JP, Gunther WHH, Krieg M, Miyagi K, Sampson RW, Ostrowski MD, Anderson Huang GS, Tsujino I, and Bula RJ, 2005. Elemental selenium generated by the photo bleaching of selenomerocyanine photosensitizers forms conjugates with serum macromolecules that are toxic to tumour cells. Phosphorus Sulphur, Silicon and the Related Elements 180: 647-657.

Smirnoff N, 2011. Vitamin C: the metabolism and functions of ascorbic acid in plants. Advances in Botanical Research 59: 107-177.

Sreelakshmi Y and Sharma R, 2008. Differential regulation of phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity and protein level by light in tomato seedlings. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 46: 444-451.

Tang M, Chen H, Huang JC, and Tian ZQ, 2009. AM fungi effects on the growth and physiology of Zea mays seedlings under diesel stress. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 41: 936-940.

Teshome T, Sintayeh, B, Yohannes H, Gebrelibanos M, Karim A, Gomathi P, and Yarlagadda, R, 2015. Radical scavenging activity and preliminary phytochemical screening on aerial part extracts of Cineraria abyssinica Sch. bip. ex A. Rich. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 3(6): 239-243.

Tsujita MJ, Murr DP, and Johnson G, 1979. Leaf senescence of Easter lily as influenced by root/shoot growth, phosphorus nutrition and ancymidol. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 59(3): 757-761.

Tyagi J, Varma A, and Pudake RN, 2017. Evaluation of comparative effects of arbuscular mycorrhiza (Rhizophagus intraradices) and endophyte (Piriformospora indica) association with finger millet (Eleusine coracana) under drought stress. European Journal of Soil Biology 81: 1-10.

Vance CP, 2003. Phosphorus acquisition and use: critical adaptations by plants for securing a nonrenewable resource. New Phytologist 157: 423-447.

Velikova V, Yordanov I, and Edreva A, 2000. Oxidative stress and some antioxidant systems in acid rain-treated bean plants. Protective role of exogenous polyamines. Plant Science 151: 59-66.

Wagner GJ, 1979. Content and vacuole/extra vacuole distribution of neutral sugars, free amino acids and anthocyanin in protoplasts. Plant Physiology 64: 88-93.

Wedding RT, Black MK, and Hakley JL, 1978. Metabolic pools in the spadix of Arum during floral development. New Phytologist 81: 211-222.

Wu QS, Zou YN, He XH, and Luo P, 2011. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can alter some root characters and physiological status in trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata L. Raf.) seedlings. Plant Growth Regulation 65: 273-278.

Xue T, Hartikainen H, and Piironen V, 2001. Antioxidative and growth promoting effect of selenium on senescing lettuce. Plant and Soil 237: 55-61.

Xw L, Wang QL, Duan BH, Lin YM, Zhao XH, Hu CX, and Zhao ZQ, 2015. Effects of selenite addition on selenium absorption, root morphology and histological characteristics of rape seedlings. Journal of Applied Ecology 26(7): 2050.

Yadav AK, Singh S, Dhyani D, and Ahuja PSA, 2011. Review on the improvement of Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni). Canadian Journal of Plant Science 91: 1-27.

Zou YN, Huang YM, Wu QS, and He XH, 2015. Mycorrhiza-induced lower oxidative burst is related with higher antioxidant enzyme activities, net H₂O₂ effluxes, and Ca⁺² influxes in trifoliate orange roots under