آمار
| تعداد نشریات | 45 |
| تعداد شمارهها | 1,538 |
| تعداد مقالات | 18,760 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 62,602,392 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 22,565,925 |
Frommian Biophilic Ethics in Tolstoy’s The death of Ivan Ilyich | ||
| مجله پژوهش های فلسفی | ||
| دوره 16، شماره 41، 1401، صفحه 133-147 اصل مقاله (413.19 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله علمی- پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22034/jpiut.2021.47628.2949 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| احد مهروند* 1؛ ناصر کرامت فر2 | ||
| 1دانشیار گروه زبان و ادبیات انگلیسی، دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان، تبریز، ایران | ||
| 2کارشناس ارشد ادبیات انگلیسی، دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان، تبریز، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| Ilene Philipson, the Californian born sociologist and licensed psychologist, asserts that Erich Fromm is the second widely read psychoanalyst in the world standing after Freud. Fromm discusses “necrophilia”, love of death, and “biophilia”, love of life. He also studies “being mode” and “having mode”, one’s general orientation toward being a better person or toward having more, respectively. This paper is the case study of Tolstoy’s novella The death of Ivan Ilyich (1886/2009) in light of Fromm’s insights as reflected in his later works. There are two opposing views arguing if Ivan Ilyich, the protagonist, eventually changes for better or worse. Invoking Fromm’s theories, we argue that Ivan Ilyich undergoes positive changes toward the end of his life which are actualized through the protagonist’s departure from necrophilia and conversion to biophilia. In this sense, it is also argued that Ivan casts “having mode” to embrace that of “being”. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| Tolstoy؛ Erich Fromm؛ necrophilia؛ having mode؛ being mode؛ biophilic ethics | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Brombert, L. (2006). The ambiguity of ‘Ivan Ilych’. Raritan, 26(1), 152-162. Comstock, G. (1986). The naive reader’s moral response to ‘Ivan Ilyich’. Neophilologus, 70, 321-333. Danaher, D. S. (1995). Tolstoy’s use of light and dark imagery in The death of Ivan Il’ič’. The Slavic and East European Journal, 39 (2), 227-240. Duns, R. G. (2020). Desire and conversion in The death of Ivan Ilyich’. Contagion: Journal of Violence, Mimesis, and Culture, 27. 215-237. Freeman M. (1997). Death, narrative integrity, and the radical challenge of self-understanding: Fromm E. (1964). Creators and destroyers. Saturday Review, January 4, 22-25. Fromm E. (1973). The anatomy of human destructiveness. Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Fromm E. (2008). To have or to be? Continuum. Fromm E. (2010). The heart of man: its genius for good and evil. E-book. New York: AMHF Inc. https://book4you.org/book/3495490/3e14b3 Funk, R. (2014). Foreword: Fromm’s social psychological approach and its relevance for today. In Miri S. J., Lake R. & Kress T. M. (Eds.) Reclaiming the Sane Society: essays on Erich Fromm’s thought. pp. xi-xxiv. Sense Publishers. Gavin, W. J. (1981). En attendant la mort’: Plato’s Socrates, Tolstoy’s Ivan Ilych, and Beckett’s ‘waiting for Godot’. Penn State University Press, 64(2), 217-232. Heiss, Andrea. (2011) Theorizing the death instinct: rejection, integration and the future of psychoanalysis [Doctoral dissertation, Adelphi University]. Adelphi University. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing. https://www-proquest-com.ezp.semantak.com/docview/899812417. Hustis, H. (2008). Three rooms off’: death and the reader in Tolstoy’s ‘The death of Ivan Ilych’. Lit: Literature Interpretation Theory, 11(3), 261-275. Kamm, F. M. (2003). Rescuing Ivan Ilych: how we live and how we die. The University of Chicago Press, 113(2). pp. 202-233. Lang, G. (2014). What does Ivan Ilyich need to be rescued from?’ Philosophy, 89, pp. 325-347. Love, J. (2008). Tolstoy: a guide for the perplexed. Continuum. McLaughlin, N. (1998). How to become a forgotten intellectual: intellectual movements and the rise and the fall of Erich Fromm. Sociological Forum, 13(2), 215-246. Olney, J. (1972). ‘Experience, metaphor, and meaning: ‘The death of Ivan Ilych’. The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism, 31(1), 101-114. Urban, D. V. (2015). Gerasim’s compassion in Tolstoy’s The death of Ivan Ilyich. Resuscitating Paideia: Reading Literature for Wisdom, 1(1), 45-50. Pachmus, T. (1961). The theme of love and death in Tolstoy’s The death of Ivan Ilyich’ The American Slavic and East European Review, 20(1), 72-83. Philipson, I. (2017). ‘The last public psychoanalyst? Why Fromm matters in the 21st century’ Psychoanalytic Perspectives, 14(1), 52-74. Pratt, A. (1992) “A note on Heidegger’s death analytic: The Tolstoyian correlative”. Analecta Husserliana, XXXVIII, 297-304. Sansom, D. (2004). The professional conscience: a psychoanalytic study of moral character in Tolstoy’s The death of Ivan Ilych. The Journal of Business Ethics, 49(4), 311-328. Shepherd, D. (1993). Conversion, reversion and subversion in Tolstoi’s The death of Ivan Il’ich’. The Slavonic and East European Review, 71(3), 401-416. Spiegel, R. (1994). Reflections on our heritage from Erich Fromm. Contemporary Psychoanalysis, 30(3), 419-424. Tolstoy, L. (2009). The death of Ivan Ilyich and other stories (R. Pevear & L. Volokhonsky, Trans.). Alfred A. Knopf. (Original work published 1886). Valente, L. F. (1991). Variations on the kenotic hero: Tolstoy’s Ivan Ilych and Guimarães Rosa’s Augusto Matraga. Symposium: A Quarterly Journal in Modern Literatures, 45(2), 126-138. Waraschinski, T. T. (2017). The necrophile self: contemporary attitudes towards death and its new visibility [Doctoral dissertation, University of Adelaide]. University of Adelaide, Adelaide. Research theses. http://hd1.handle.net/2440/11380. Wexelblatt, R. (1980). The higher parody: Ivan Ilych’s metamorphosis and the death of Gregor Samsa. The Massachusetts Review, 21(3), 601-628. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 3,874 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 1,227 |
||