آمار
| تعداد نشریات | 45 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 1,392 |
| تعداد مقالات | 17,030 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 54,955,861 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 17,437,245 |
Enhanced Scheme for Allocation of Primary Frequency Control Reserve Based on Grid Characteristics | ||
| مجله مهندسی برق دانشگاه تبریز | ||
| دوره 51، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 96، مرداد 1400، صفحه 221-231 اصل مقاله (1.87 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: علمی-پژوهشی | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| محمد امین قاسمی* 1؛ عادل محسنی2؛ مصطفی پرنیانی3 | ||
| 1Electrical Engineering Department, University of Bu-Ali Sina, Hamedan, Iran | ||
| 2Iran Grid Management Company (IGMC), Tehran, Iran | ||
| 3Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran | ||
| چکیده | ||
| Balancing between demand and supply of grids is the most important task of the power systems operators and control systems. Otherwise, the possibility of frequency instability and severe damages to equipment are present. Primary frequency control (PFC) is the first and main control action in the grid in front of the active power imbalance disturbances. In this paper, the effects of the spinning reserve characteristics and the grid dynamic parameters, on PFC performance and maximum frequency decline (frequency nadir), are investigated. Then, a comprehensive equation is presented to determine the maximum frequency deviation after a large power imbalance in the grid. This equation considers all effective factors such as volume and speed of the primary frequency reserve (PFR), grid inertia constant, grid load level, and the frequency-dependent loads. The correctness of the presented equation is verified through different simulations. Finally, a comprehensive scheme is proposed for the primary frequency control reserve allocation in the grid, in the form of a few equations and instructions. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| Primary Frequency Reserve؛ Inertia Constant؛ Load Damping Constant؛ Maximum Frequency Drop؛ Generation Ramp Rate | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
[1] J. Machowski, J. W. Bialek, and J. R. Bumby, Power System Dynamics. Stability and Control, 2012. [2] "IEEE Guide for Abnormal Frequency Protection for Power Generating Plants," IEEE Std C37.106-2003 (Revision of ANSI/IEEE C37.106-1987), pp. 0_1-34, 2004. [3] L. Saarinen, P. Norrlund, W. Yang, and U. Lundin, "Allocation of Frequency Control Reserves and Its Impact on Wear and Tear on a Hydropower Fleet," IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 33, pp. 430-439, 2018. [4] J. J. Ford, H. Bevrani, and G. Ledwich, "Adaptive load shedding and regional protection," International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 31, pp. 611-618, 2009. [5] M. Rouholamini, S. E. Jafarabadi, "Simultaneous Scheduling of Energy and Frequency Control Ancillary Services in regard to Load Self-regulation Effect," TABRIZ JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING, vol. 46, pp. 197-207, 2016 (in persian). [6] Y. Rebours and D. s. Kirschen, "What is spinning reserve?", The University of Manchester, 2005. [7] L. R. Chang-Chien, Y. J. Lin, and C. C. Wu, "An Online Approach to Allocate Operating Reserve for an Isolated Power System," IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 22, pp. 1314-1321, 2007. [8] Y. Rebours and D. s. Kirschen, A Survey of Definitions and Specifications of Reserve Services vol. releas 1: University of Manchester, 2005. [9] F. D. Galiana, F. Bouffard, J. M. Arroyo, and J. F. Restrepo, "Scheduling and Pricing of Coupled Energy and Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Reserves," Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 93, pp. 1970-1983, 2005. [10] Z. Jlassi, K. B. Kilani, M. Elleuch, and C. Bouchoucha, "Primary reserves managment in power systems," 13th International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals & Devices (SSD), pp. 194-199, 2016. [11] M. A. Bucher, M. A. Ortega-Vazquez, D. S. Kirschen, and G. Andersson, "Robust allocation of reserves considering different reserve types and the flexibility from HVDC," IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, vol. 11, pp. 1472-1478, 2017. [12] J. Schipper, A. Wood, and C. Edwards, "Optimizing Instantaneous and Ramping Reserves With Different Response Speeds for Contingencies—Part I: Methodology," IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 35, pp. 3953-3960, 2020. [13] Y. Yang, C. Shen, C. Wu, and C. Lu, "Control Performance Based Dynamic Regulation Reserve Allocation for Renewable Integrations," IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, vol. 10, pp. 1271-1279, 2019. [14] J. Wang, J. Su, Y. Zhao, X. Pang, J. Li, and Z. Bi, "Performance assessment of primary frequency control responses for thermal power generation units using system identification techniques," International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 100, pp. 81-90, 2018. [15] W. Yang, J. Yang, W. Guo, and P. Norrlund, "Response time for primary frequency control of hydroelectric generating unit," International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 74, pp. 16-24, 2016. [16] D. Chakravorty, B. Chaudhuri, and S. Y. R. Hui, "Rapid Frequency Response From Smart Loads in Great Britain Power System," IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, vol. 8, pp. 2160-2169, 2017. [17] M. Ramezanzade; M. Jafari-Nokandi; T. Barforoshi, "Scheduling of Generation and Reserve of Thermal Generation Resources Considering Load and Wind Uncertainty in Presence of Energy Storage and Demand Response," TABRIZ JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING, vol. 48, 2018 (in persian). [18] G. Zhang, E. Ela, and Q. Wang, "Market Scheduling and Pricing for Primary and Secondary Frequency Reserve," IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 34, pp. 2914-2924, 2019. [19] F. Chengwei, W. Xiaoru, T. Yufei, and W. Wencheng, "Minimum frequency estimation of power system considering governor deadbands," IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, vol. 11, pp. 3814-3822, 2017. [20] I. Egido, F. Fernandez-Bernal, P. Centeno, and L. Rouco, "Maximum Frequency Deviation Calculation in Small Isolated Power Systems," IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 24, pp. 1731-1738, 2009. [21] L. Liu, W. Li, Y. Ba, J. Shen, C. Jin, and K. Wen, "An Analytical Model for Frequency Nadir Prediction Following a Major Disturbance," IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 35, pp. 2527-2536, 2020. [22] H. Li, C. Li, and Y. Liu, "Maximum frequency deviation assessment with clustering based on metric learning," International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 120, p. 105980, 2020. [23] D. Zografos, T. Rabuzin, M. Ghandhari, and R. Eriksson, "Prediction of Frequency Nadir by Employing a Neural Network Approach," IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT-Europe), pp. 1-6, 2018. [24] P. M. Anderson and A. A. Fouad, Power System Control and Stability, 2ND ED: Wiley India Pvt. Limited, 2008. [25] R. Spangler and R. Shoults, "Power Generation, Operation, and Control [Book Review]," IEEE Power and Energy Magazine, vol. 12, pp. 90-93, 2014. [26] P. Kundur, J. Paserba, V. Ajjarapu, G. Andersson, A. Bose, C. Canizares, et al., "Definition and classification of power system stability IEEE/CIGRE joint task force on stability terms and definitions," IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 19, pp. 1387-1401, 2004. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 417 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 545 |
||